A commencement study of trademark translation

Abstract: Trademark is a special kind of vocabulary signs. Is it doesn’t concentration of commodities’ distinct characteristics, the core of commodities’ culture, and the strong weapon for an venture to take part in international competitions. With the advancement globalization plus the increase in foreign trade, these products of adding and exporting strengthen daily; the translation of art logos is gaining more and more attention. Nowadays, many people have realized that the good translation of a brand in promoting product sales is crucial to the development of international markets and profits making.

In respect to some cases of trademark translation, this thesis summarizes several main qualities of brand, and examines the principles plus some general strategies of trademark translation. Key words: Brand; characteristics; translation principles; translation methods?:??????,?????,??????,???????????????????,?????,???????????,?????,?????,???????????????????????,??????,??????????????:?;?;??;?? Advantages According to R.

Heis, an American economist: “A brand name, i. at the. trademark is a name, contact form, sign, design or a mix of them that tells who makes it or perhaps who offers it, unique that item from those made or sold by others.

 (Guo Guilong & Zhang Hongbo, 2008: 100) A brand is just like a product’s term, which is the representative of the image of a business and the mark of top quality. In promoting sales, the trademark plays an essential role in arousing customer’s desire to store, bringing the huge economic rewards and even in deciding the survival of a organization.

With China’s joining to the WTO, Chinese suppliers strengthens co-operation with other countries, including increasingly frequent financial and transact exchanges. How to introduce each of our products to foreign countries, bring international products in the domestic market segments and carry out a successful product sales business is becoming quite significant. Therefore , a prosperous translation of trademark becomes urgent and necessary for the enterprises. Whilst trademark translation is not only a simple conversion in one code to a new, but an obvious intention in the cross-language industrial, a special cross-cultural communication activity.

Thus, it is important for us to pay more attention to the principles and methods of brand translation. Chapter1 The Characteristics of Trademark Though there are various meanings of brand, they reveal something in accordance. In general, a trademark needs to be simple and easy to consider, and should be distinctive and favorably associative. 1 . 1 Simple and Easy to consider It is a fundamental requirement for a trademark to get simple and easy to spell. Deciding on short and simple words to get composing trademarks will help consumers comprehend all of them more easily, since simple and short words are easy to keep in memory space.

Nowadays, together with the fast advancement economy, more and more trademarks flood into the market, how could customers memorize all of them? Therefore , when a trademark is usually short and straightforward to mean and remember, it can seize the buiness chance easily. Actually most well-known art logos are in other words form, such as Nike, Volvo, Apple and so on. 1 . 2 Distinctive coming from Similar Items We all know which the purpose of using trademarks is to distinguish one product from others. Therefore , to be unique is another significant characteristic of any trademark. Art logos, in a sense, happen to be equal to indications and reputations.

Distinctiveness can help customers to never be easily mistaken for other logos in the market either by appear or physical appearance. Distinctive and typical terms may be used to separate the relevant merchandise from others. “Kodak (camera) created by manager, is distinctive and easy for the consumers to memorize. The Chinese renowned trademark “Lenovo(? ), can easily be differentiated from all other computers, since “Lenovo, a coined expression, can be associated with the word “legend which is particular and desirable. Lenovo much more innovative than legend.

Adventurous consumers will certainly prefer that trademark differentiates the relevant product from other computer systems with ideal ease. 1 ) 3 Arousing Favorable Connection Most art logos can arouse favorable connection, which is an indispensable feature of trademark. Owing to the requirement of marketing, a trademark is not only an indicator, but likewise an advertisement. It should arouse the favorable connection and show the excellent quality to consumers. A few trademarks possess inherent that means and some include historic or perhaps cultural connotations, both of which will arouse advantageous associations. “LUX (soap) is known as a product of Unilever Firm.

“LUX, a Latin expression, means “sunshine. So the buyer can relate it with “bright the sun and healthy skin. This kind of trademark possibly let people imagine the passionate feeling within the summer seaside. What’s more, consumers can associate “LUX with “lucks and “luxury from the appearance and pronunciation. As a result, Unilever Business publicizes the excellent quality of its products by favorable affiliation of the trademark. From the above model, we can see the inherent meaning of trademarks plays a crucial part in advertising and may arouse householder’s desirable affiliation and let all of them accept these products.

Chapter a couple of The Principles of Trademark Translation Trademark translation is a skill as well as a scientific research. It is a comprehensive process which is related to linguistics, translation theory, intercultural interaction, aesthetics, and consumer psychology. Generally speaking, trademark translation is a complex job of limiting between the connotations of logos and their consumers. Therefore , to translate trademarks successfully, a lot of principles must be taken into consideration. installment payments on your 1 Uncover the Products’ Characteristics Generally, every item has its identification.

Hallmark translation should show the features and functions of the items, so that the customers could immediately think of using products when they see the art logos. As have been discussed by Xu Hui and Cheng Zhendong, the characteristic of your product implies that it has some basic elements which differ from the ones from others (Xu Hui, 2005: 55-56). The translated name brand should complement the characteristics of goods and show the concept of the original identity. The characteristics of goods not only identify from other folks, but also contain the capability to communicate with the consumers.

Thus, in the process of translation, the translator should grasp the features of the goods, so as to encourage the knowledge of products intended for consumers, and help learn the qualities and capabilities of the items by the 1st sight. For example , a brand of suit-dress “Hope Show is converted into inch? , in which the word “?  quickly reflects inside the products pertaining to the clothes category, and “?  add more promotion of the happy and peaceful feeling to the products. The translation not only demonstrates the features in the product although also provides consumers’ aesthetic taste.

Nobody will have involvement in products that they are not acquainted. A successful trademark translation must have the feature that buyers can find out category and characteristics with the product. Like “Nike, the popular American label of sports wears, is the name with the goddess Success in Ancient greek myth. In respect to their pronunciation, it might be translated into “?  or inch?  in Chinese. Nevertheless , these two brands can’t reveal the characteristics with the product, yet even give people a misunderstanding that “Nike can be some items for women. inches?  is more preferable. “?  means a thing durable.

Because the sport wear, durability is definitely equal to high quality. “?  implies that persons can finally overcome difficulties and succeed, conforming with the connotation of Victory. These two words in Chinese demonstrate features of the merchandise perfectly. An additional example can be Procter & Gamble’s antidandruff shampoo “Head & Shoulders. The translation “??  means dermititis disappears the moment washed, and highlights the distinct features of the product fully. One more two good examples are “Sportsman (bicycle) and “Unlsports (sports shoes).

The previous is translated into “?? , the latter into inch?? . Should you be not familiar with the trademarks, who will associate it with their products? 2 . a couple of Choose the Ideal Words As the mark of products, art logos should be quick and simple to remember and understandable pertaining to consumers. So in order to keep the best impression on buyers, translators will need to choose a few appropriate words during the process of trademark translation. The more complicated words inside the translation, the weaker the trademark appears and the fewer memorable it becomes. For instance, McDonald’s was transliterated into “??  in mainland of China just before and now is definitely displaced by simply “?? .

Also, in mainland, the brand name “Hewlett & Packard had a extended translation of “?? -??  for a long time. Now, the six-character version, long and meaningless, has been replaced by the two-character edition “? . Balancing the two of these versions, you observe the latter is a lot easier to pronounce and remember. Moreover, “?  consists of more connotations and can induce more favorable e favorable relationship of the the productassociation of shoppers. Similarly, “Head &Shoulder(shampoo) was transliterated in “???

 before now a more small and important version “??  can be popular. “Stafanel, the brand term for clothes from ALL OF US, is translated into inch??  today. However , think about a two-character version inches? ? Also in Cina, “Mercedes-Benz, the manufacturer name to get a quality car from Indonesia, was transliterated into inch?? ?  before yet is put into “?  at present. An auto from The uk “Rolls Royce is translated into “??  now instead of the former transliteration inches?? ?? . The Chinese language version intended for “Fair Child, a fan from the ALL OF US, was inch???  before and now is usually “?  instead. inch?  is simpler to be evident and memorized than inches??  for “Nescafe coming from Swiss.

The top new editions have replaced the old renderings because they are simple and easy to be acknowledged by consumers, in pronunciation, form and meaning. Easy acceptance by consumers finally promotes the sales with the products. However, some goedkoop sound profane or can lead to negative interactions in the Chinese language. Thus this sort of translations may not be acknowledged and acknowledged by consumers. For cases, “Psorales, a drug, was put into inch??  the moment just getting into China.

No one knew what “??  was and assumed it to be some thing discarded. It is not hard to assume nobody might buy issues that audio worn and useless. Later on, it is replaced by “?? , a far more vivid and meaningful type, and its sales was improved afterwards. 2 . 3 Analyze the Aesthetics Features Brand translation should certainly comply with the functions of morphology of brand in the TL. “Getting the very best out of the combination of beauty in meaning, sound and form may be the internal need if we want to appreciate the connected function and the advertising function of a brand name.

(Tang Zhongshun, 2002: 75-77) The translated hallmark accordingly should be normative, beautiful, vivid and visual. First of all, “beauty of meaning means the converted terms ought to produce a great artistic conceiving through a beneficial association of words or component terms so that persons will have rich and wonderful association and arouse the expectation and pursuit of fantastic things. We certainly have the typical types of “Sprite (beverage) and “Tide (washing power). Since “Sprite was converted into “?  in Chinese, this device has won in Chinese suppliers due to the brilliant color and abundant connotation.

The converted term inch?  in sound is not only quite nearby the pronunciation in the original brand name, but also makes people have a favorable relationship of lustration, neatness and tidiness, displaying the sort and show of the product. Secondly, “beauty of sound means your own brand name of the original and its translated version should basically share a similar or similar pronunciation with all the quality of sonority, rhythmization and musicality so that an aesthetically pleasing satisfaction is received in ability to hear that manufacturer (Zhang Quan, 2004: 77-79).

There are many successfully translated types fully echo the beauty of appears. Take “OMO (washing power) and “Clean&Clear (facial cleanser) for example. Since “OMO is definitely translated in to “? , it sounds just like a compliment “great in English. The translated term of “Clean&Clear, inches??  makes good use of alliterative stroking reduplication to be able to achieve a mixture of phonetic rhythm and esprit.

Lastly, “beauty of form means the translated art logos should enjoy conciseness and simpleness in structure, namely using handful of syllables, legibility and understandability of the terms and avoiding difficult and seldom-using words and phrases. People choose two or three words and phrases of converted versions because this structure better accords while using referential custom made and aesthetic psychology. There are numerous famous converted brand names while using above characteristic, such as “Head&Shoulders (shampoo), “Avon (cosmetic), “Johnsons (cream) and so on. Especially the translated version “??

 is included with the characteristics of concision, classiness and vividness representing the feature and function of the merchandise. 2 . 4 Pay Attention to Social Differences Edward Taylor identified culture while “a complex whole which include knowledge, morals, art, honnête, law, personalized, and any other capabilities and habits obtained by individuals as people of a world.  (Taylor Edward M, 1871: 36) Namely, the factors leading to the making of lifestyle are the beliefs, habits, persuits and background, which vary considerable via countries to countries.

As being a carrier of culture, language is an important component to culture which will reflects the characteristics of a nation, which not merely includes the nation’s historical and cultural background, but as well contains the nationwide outlook on life, standards of living and methods of thinking. In the relationship between language and culture, it truly is obvious that translation isn’t just a process of transferring the cause language in to the target dialect, but also a process of a mutual interaction and exchange between different cultures.

Therefore , during the process of trademark translation, as language and tradition are fiel from one another, it is essential to pay more attention to ethnical differences. 2 . 4. 1 ) Differences in Religions Religions, misconceptions, legends, and pictures from fictional works is surely an in-separable a part of culture. They may be deeply rooted in lifestyle and at the same time contribute a great deal to the formation of people’s ideas about particular objects.

These elements, when involved in brand name translation, call for the translator’s awareness as well as overall flexibility in cultural adaptation in order that functional assent could be obtained between the resource brand name as well as the target manufacturer. For example , Goldlion was not favorite when it premoere appearance in the Chinese language market with all the name”? . It is said that lots of people would not buy that product simply because the name sounds very close to”? in some Oriental dialects. Other folks believe that the name was not well recognized because it resembles the sound of”?

, which a taboo idea in China, especially in Hong Kong, where people display a particular preference for things with luck-bearing names. In any case, the product would not sell very well until the new name”?? was adopted by Zeng Xianzi, a popular Chinese businessman. He skillfully took a part the source brand into”goldand”lion. The first part was practically put into”? to be faithful towards the original, as the latter used the method of semantic transliteration and was put into”? , meaning”bringing profit. This auspicious brand has helped a lot in building up the good fame with the product. 2 . 4. a couple of Differences in History.

Every region has its own history. In the background, many historic incidents occurred. These happenings have carved into the culture and have be a part of this. Being unacquainted with the history when ever translating a trademark will lead to inability. “Opium is a brand of parfum. Actually in the western cul ention to hich reflects nd nice associationame, nevertheless also makes ation. points. he producr. ture, this sort of kind of trademark name can be popular, just like Poison, another perfume brand. However in Cina, “?  has a unfavorable meaning. The Chinese people experienced the shameful background related to opium since 1840, when the well known Opium Battle broke out.

Without the concern of history, this brand encountered the resistance in the Chinese customers. Finally, the trademark brand “?  was suspended in Chinese suppliers. 2 . four. 3 Differences in Customs and Habits Personalized is one of the branches of traditions reflecting the actual characteristics of a nation or parts of the country. It is the sediment of very long history and carefully linked with the surroundings and the way of life. So a few customs and habits exist in one lifestyle but may be absent within, which may result in an barrier to Chinese-English brand name translation.

Many Chinese language brand names result from Chinese customized. One of the most renowned rice wines named “??  (Daughter Wine) can be produced in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Region of Chinese suppliers. To Oriental customers, the brand name name symbolizes the completely happy events in one’s your life, while they can arouse precisely the same feeling in westerners if perhaps translated actually and that will totally cause social loss, as the western buyers do not know regarding the personalized of the historical Shaoxing. You are able to that in ancient Shaoxing a container of this wine beverages was smothered under the floor when a daughter was brought into the world.

If the girl spent my youth and became the bride, the container was dug out and presented to the guests participating the wedding. Because the wine was uncapped, the smell from the wine propagate far, and all guests started to be excited and congratulated the parents, so it was named “?? . When a translator convert the operate mark, it is extremely necessary to reveal the ethnical information of the trademark names. Not necessarily only possible for customers to be aware of about the origin of the wines but recognize it quickly, because any one from any kind of country would want to equally appreciate the beautiful things, enjoy the cheerful feeling and desire achievement.

Thus, in order to reveal the cultural information of this brand name, perhaps the translation “Daughter’s Wedding Wine is far more suitable. installment payments on your 4. 4 Differences in the Attitudes toward Animals and Numbers Persons living in diverse cultures hold different attitudes and beliefs towards family pets and amounts. What is considered a good omen in one lifestyle may not stand for the same in another. Therefore , it can be generally highly recommended that people should never use this type of words to mention the comparable products, so when one means existing brands of this type, cultural edition may help him find a even more proper focus on brand name.

The down sides caused by this kind of words in brand name translation may be illustrated with the following example. As we know, the Chinese language people often associate bats with good luck because the Chinese character “? sounds a similar as”? (meaning”good fortune). Several Chinese tales even say that when a softball bat lives 100 years, it turns white in color and hangs the other way up from a tree, and eating that bat can bring a person longevity. A reddish bat foretells even better fortune for”? sounds exactly the same with”? (being very fortunate). A few Chinese check out the belief a whole lot that they brand their products”?

. But if the translator gets used to his linguistic choices towards the different frame of mind towards the animal in Euro cultures, he’d not consider” Bat an excellent name, pertaining to bat is certainly an extremely evil omen in many European folklores. Perhaps snel like “Fortunes would be better. Besides, numbers bring about diverse associations. In most cases, each lifestyle has selected numbers thought to be either “lucky or “ominous, but this may often differ from individual to individual. Let’s take the translation of “7-up, a brand of soft drink, as one example.

The number “7 is considered to be a lucky number to many English audio system, but it would not have the same which means in Chinese language. Considering the social difference, the translator, in order to create a comparable effect among the Chinese customers, worked out the name”? . The identity is quite satisfactory because it is first part”? remains devoted to the resource brand name devoid of conveying any unfavorable which means, and its second part”? conveys the meaning of”happiness and good luck, and therefore makes up for losing connotation in the number”7.

Phase 3 General Methods in Trademark Translation Peter Newmark once declared different translation strategies ought to be adopted according to the different capabilities of different functions (Mou Yan, 2008). It truly is well-known that trademark translation is not only to share the cultural information from the source tradition, but as well to set up a fantastic image in the target traditions, and finally to draw the people in the target market for the product. In order to achieve these kinds of purposes, interpraters should choose the following methods in the process of trademark translation. 3. you Literal Translation

Literal translation, referred to as semantic translation simply by Peter Newmark, is a way of translation which aims at conserving the most possible cultural communications (including the communicative element of culture, including, the formal elements of the SL) from the source textual content at the sacrifice of the formal elements of the point language and sometimes even the intelligibility of the focus on text (Zheng Shengtao, 1994). Since the creation of phrases in the Oriental is different as a result in the Western languages, it really is impossible to achieve brand translation by simply word-for-word translation in most cases.

Peter Newmark party favors “literal translation too. He says, “I am somewhat of your ‘literalist’ because I i am for fact and accuracy. (Newmark Philip, 2001: 62) Although sometimes literal translation may make something amazing or even odd for the point language readers, it will little by little be approved by the target language and its culture. As long as the translated brand names by foreign language may be understood and accepted by target customers, literal translation is the best way for promoting cultural exchange through the brand name translation in Chinese suppliers.

As the rand name name translation is to copy between cultures, translators will need to make the target consumers be familiar with source culture. Some people say there is a better way for translators to strategy the original. That is literal translation, which can maintain your national feature. For example , some traditional manufacturers, which are incredibly familiar towards the Westerners possibly to the world like inch?  (The Yangtze River), “?  (the Yellowish River), and “?  (the Wonderful Wall) happen to be chosen by producers, as they are the icons of Chinese language wonderful organic history.

The moment translators convert them, they have no need to go translation. Because these brand names are well-known for the world, and these China characteristics of brand name names happen to be fresh and mysterious for the Westerners, it is easy to evoke the prospective consumers’ getting desire. Interpraters can adopt literal translation. The brand labels “? , “?? , “??  carry each of our ancient cultural information. Once translators convert them in the Western different languages, they should keep literal translation and add a few notes, in order to let the concentrate on consumers understand the source traditions.

Literal translation also will keep the general type and retains the composition of the source language. Today, Chinese culture are getting a lot more popular in the world, and more and more Westerners are eager to analyze our dialect in order to learn our lengthy history. Therefore , the kind of translation is a important way to let more persons learn our traditional culture. On the other hand, in the English-speaking countries, there are some brand names which can be actually translated. For example , the very famous brand name “White cat is definitely translated into “? .

And the name brand “Camel is translated in to “? . All these translated brand names are incredibly suitable for the products, and the goods will incredibly probably be loved by the consumers in the target market. Here literal translation is definitely not the same as word-for-word translation. Word-for-word translation is always to rigidly recreate every term in the process of translation. In fact, it is not a translation technique. But , textual translation is a skill of translation, regardless if there do exist some enhancements or deletions while the fact of the first is not really destroyed.

Textual translation the actual target dialect more soft and acceptable. Although textual translation can easily most perhaps maintain the ethnic messages of the source language, it sometimes will cause disbelief of the social messages or perhaps create unintelligible meanings. A few take Sprite as an example. In the event the word “Sprite is converted literally or perhaps directly, it might be “? . The variation would place Chinese customers into superb confusion mainly because “?  is a human-like monster in Chinese culture. Thus translators should consider additional methods.

Literal translation is usually adopted as the utmost ideal translation technique in reproducing photos because it can easily preserve the first images as much as possible. Some British expressions wearing word-for-word likeness to some Chinese language expressions may well mean something quite different. In such a case, translators can go deeper to learn what these types of English expression really mean; otherwise errors will be manufactured in literal translation. 3. 2 Transliteration Transliteration in a narrow sense is known as a mapping in one system of producing into one other and it is generally based on the pronunciation.

Transliteration attempts to become lossless, so that an informed target audience should be able to rebuild the original transliteration of unfamiliar transliterated phrases. To achieve this aim, transliteration may possibly define complicated conventions to deal with letters in a source script that do certainly not correspond with letters within a goal script. Transliteration implies that trademarks will be translated in to similar titles in pronunciation according to the original ones (Li Yi, 2009: 232-234) It truly is generally believed that the re-homing of this approach can help to achieve various reasons.

Some art logos obtained this way can efficiently remind the shoppers of their classic status. This kind of trademarks are easier for goal consumers to pronounce and memorize. Nonetheless, some logos are purposely transliterated to be able to cater to the foreign consumers’ basic preference to get foreign items because a few thus-translated trademarks sound even more foreign-like. The earth famous brand “Intel means: the ability to learn and purpose and the convenience of knowledge and comprehension. Now you see why it is translated in “??  which seems foreign-like and is easy to memorize and go through.

Meanwhile, what this means is the attribute of the item. Another example is the translation of “Ya Ya. inch?  (down wear) is usually transliterated into “Ya Ya instead of “Duck. The converted trademark “Ya Ya is known as a catchy term that can fulfill the simulating function of trademark effectively. These two examples show the characteristics of being simple and easy to pronounce and memorize and as well obey the principle of aesthetics. Nevertheless transliteration represents the sound beauty of the initial one, the translated hallmark dictions must be chosen carefully.

During transliteration, it is important to obey you will of stimulating desirable affiliation. “Philip was once translated in “??  which appears more just like the original one particular than “?? . However the three characters “??  will excite unfavorable relationship. People choose good and appropriate words and phrases, and hence, when utilizing transliteration technique, translators should do their best to decide on beautiful terms. For example , “Lancome (cosmetics) is usually put into inches? .

Both the Chinesecharacters are beautiful and is associated with a classy woman with certain religious qualities. Those two words inches?  are connected with gorgeous things, just like “??,?? . That’s why Chinese females have a partiality for “Lancome. In translation practice, we discover that English language trademarks are quite coherent in letters or words and can be pronounced conveniently in one breath of air, while the transliteration of Chinese language trademarks are broken in independent words in accordance with the particular Chinese heroes. So the English language version often lacks accordance.

To avoid drawback of transliteration in tight accordance with all the standard Chinese language pronunciation, we can use transliteration method flexibly. To some extent, we are able to translate a trademark in line with the local pronunciation. The following examples successfully enough time above issue. “?  (refrigerator) is definitely translated into “Frestech rather than “Xin Fei. “Frestech is composed of “fresh and “technology, which can be coherent in structure and pronunciation. In addition, it also signifies that the product is produced with advanced technology. “?  (tonic food) signifies that happiness is definitely coming, recommending the product provides happiness and health to consumers.

The English edition “Life provides westerners’ psychology and is much easier for them to enunciate and spell. 3. three or more Free Translation “Free translation reproduces the situation without the way, or the content without the form of the original. Generally it is a paraphrase longer than the original.  In order to take advantage of the target terminology and produce translated name brand more idiomatic and acceptable, some mythical brand names will be freely translated.

Free translation can connect the information of products clearly and vividly. It will make a solid impression for the target terminology consumers and arouse their very own response. There are numerous successful examples to show this process. For example , “Ariel (washing powder) is made as inch? . The phrase “?  means “clean and “clear. So “?  shows the very cleaning capability of the cleaning powder. Similarity, “Safeguard (soap) is not really literally translated into “? , yet “?? . The translation describes the product’s function and qualities.

“Rejoice (shampoo) is not translated in “? , but inch? , meaning softness and glossiness. “Slek(shampoo) is also delivered as inch?  through free translation. “?  in China can be a noun as well as a verb phrase. If perhaps “?  is viewed as a noun, it means gorgeous buds, suggesting ladies will probably be like an graceful bud following using the shampoo; if “?  can be interpreted as a verb, this means nourishing a bud to make it come out. This implies the shampoo could make hair glossier. “Zest(soap) is definitely paraphrased because “?  through free of charge translation. inch?  is definitely a popular expression in Cina, which provides the soap a fashionable element.

This translation is improved in the original one particular “?  in exacto method. “?  much more proper and suitable to meet the needs of the youth who will be the target consumers. 3. some Liberal Translation plus Transliteration In order to reach the criteria of trademark translation”beauty in meaning and audio, and to make the translated editions possess the basic features of great brand names, we are able to use the mix of liberal translation and transliteration to translate brand names, since in many cases liberal or transliteration cannot perform the job along.

An excellent translation of a brand name should not only be just like the original audio but as well reflect the connotation in the original. The combination of liberal translation and transliteration may achieve twice purposes, because the message of the brand brand will be more vividly reflected in order that it will be more amazing to guide consumption. Here we take some examples to appreciate the worth of this kind of method. For instance , “Pampers”diapers coming from P&G, can be rich in that means and crystal clear in pronunciation. The translated brand name inch??

 provides a balance between meaning plus the pronunciation. The brand name name of the medicine “Bufferin is converted into “?? . The translated brand does not inform us what the treatments is, but it really forms a sound which is very close to this of the origin brand name. A drink named “Milo is translated into “? , which usually not only makes us understand that the pronunciation of the translated word can be close to that of the original, although tells us the actual product is made out of and the real estate of the merchandise.

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