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Noun phrases just good because other keyword phrases play an of transfer function in get the clinging any linguistic communication. With out noun term, there might hold simply no agents, simply no patients, and no receivers. In addition , no affair how wide our language may be, a individual word is frequently lacking in displaying our believed.

. A incompatible analysis between British and Japanese is necessary and interesting to get learning and analyzing. Nearly every linguistic connection has noun phrases, however, despite holding the same basic construction, they may have some dissimilarities.. This review aims to research internal and external building of English language and Thai noun phrases so help to make a evaluating between two sorts of NP every bit great as advise some instructing deductions. I am hoping through this kind of assignment, both equally I and the readers can larn some thing helpful that may use to English instruction and acquisition.

Noun phrase in English

Meanings:

Le ( 2002 ) defined noun phrase ( NP ) as a group of words get downing which has a noun and working appositional. This NP frequently will go right previous or soon after the noun it communicates.

Ex-husband: A victim of war, he hated the sight of soldiers. ( A patient of war = this individual )

Harmonizing to D. H. Nguyen ( 2004 ), a NP is known as a group of words with a noun or pronoun as the main portion ( the caput ). In his book inch Analyzing The english language “, Knutson added extra deal regarding the caput which is inches the bare minimum demand for the happening of the noun phrase “. Regardless of the NP is within simple signifier such as ” pupils inches or in complex signifier such as ” the story about the miss who have used to fill at that place inches, it must keep a noun or pronoun showing the chief thought.

Structure:

Basically, a noun key phrase consists of three or more chief parts: Pre , Alteration, Head, Post , Alteration. But also in some intricate NPs, we can see that the Pre , Modification may incorporate other components. Based on the theory of NP in the book inches Analyzing The english language ” by simply Howard Knutson, we have a elaborate manifestation of NP as enthusiasts:

Pre , Alteration

Mind

Post , Alteration

Pre , clincher

( A )

Verifications

( N )

Numeral/Quantifier

( C )

Adjectives

( D )

Noun qualifier

( Tocopherol )

N/pro

( F )

Relative nature, infinite offer, prepositional phrase, adjectives, adverbs.

( G )

Stand 1: The construction of a NP in British

Now, all of us will travel into inside informations from the construction of the NP.

Pre , Amendment

This part fundamentally features 5 factors as displayed in the over tabular array. The first component is usually pre-determiners. They can be a little selection of words that might happen before the identifier in a NP. That they besides have got quantifier point out ( almost all, both, half, aˆ ), fraction numbers ( a third, aˆ ).

Following part is identifiers. This element includes articles ( a, an, the ), demonstrative ( this, that, these, those ), genitives ( my, the, his, aˆ ). Although there is the one thing we should spend attending. In just about any NP, only merely one identifier may happen, it means that articles, demonstrative and genitives are reciprocally sole. We all ca n’t state inches that the house ” when we employ ” of-phrase ” together with the genitive pronoun, we can show that NP in another manner inch that book of acquire “.

In a few NPs including ” five cats inch, ” a number of books inches, the pre , amendment here is numerical ( five ) or quantifier ( several ). Besides, sometimes, we can see the combination of the two of these elements in some NPs. The frequent sequences are ordinal numerical ( particularly inches first inch and inches last inch ) & indefinite quantifier ( eg ” the first few hours ” ), ordinal + capital ( eg ” the second five yearss ” ), indefinite quantifier + central numerical, especially circular figure ( for example ” thousands of people inches ) ( Nguyen, 2005, p. 44 ).

To magnify the caput noun in some manner, the following component, adjectives, come following the identifier and numerals/quantifiers. Nevertheless , in instance that a lot of adjectives co-occur in a NP, there is a regulation for their purchase.

name

Size

form

grow older

coloring materials

beginning

material

present participial

capturing

Little

unit of ammunition

outdated

brown

Gallic

oaken

producing tabular array

Table 2: The adjectival order

The past component is noun qualifiers which come between adjectives and the caput noun. As we can see, nouns may go non only as caputs of NP but besides qualifiers in NP. For illustration, in NP ” a kids publication “, ” kids inches modifies inches book inches and inches a youngsters book inch means a book for kids.

Next to 5 simple elements pointed out supra, there exists one farther sort of pre-modification that is NP in possessive instance. This sort is proclaimed by a great , s added to the its finishing word ( eg my pal , t bike ).

Head:

One of the most usual sort of caput of NP is usually noun, however in some NPs such as inch She is my best friend “, the caput may be a pronoun of some type, normally a private pronoun ( he, she, youaˆ ). Similarly, Jacobs ( 95 ) mentioned that many NPs in The english language are individual signifiers home possibly merely of a noun or a pronoun. When the caput is a pronoun, it does not necessitate virtually any alteration, particularly the pre-modification.

Varieties of pronoun procedure as the caput

Good examples

Personal pronoun

He, the girl, you, that they, we, aˆ.

Indefinite pronoun

Person, a thing, cipher, aˆ

Possessive pronoun

His, her, the, their, aˆ

Demonstrative pronoun

This, that, aˆ

Desk 3: Sorts of pronoun procedure as the caput of NP

Post-modification

This part is most typically followed by phrases or classes. Three types of phrasal/clausal post-modification we regularly see is definitely: comparative condition, infinite clauses, and prepositional phrases, at times we besides see an adjective or perhaps an disjunctive operation as being a post-modifier in NP ( Jackson, l. 15 ).

A comparison clause includes a comparative pronoun ( whom, whom, which usually, that, in whose, aˆ ) as a caput, which says back to the caput noun of NP. If the relative pronoun , s map is thing in the comparative clause, we are able to exclude that comparative pronoun.

Infinite offer is terms normally without topics released by a endless signifier from the verb. That sort of clause include several sorts: space clause, present participial terms, past participial.

In a NP, prepositional term occurs frequently working as post-modifier.

A few illustrations:

All the schools around

A N F G ( prepositional phrase )

The last few yearss

B C C F

Dong Bang Shin Ki, my favorite music set.

Farrenheit G ( appositional NP )

My noisy 4-year-old white Thai cat

B name age coloring material F

This kind of arch earnings enhancement aggregator , s i9000 grabbing manus

NP Genitive D F

The Korea history that has merely been published.

B D Farreneheit G ( comparative terms )

Some thing of importance to make

N ( indefinite pro ) G ( adjectives ) G ( infinite clause )

The miss and you are out of the room

B F G ( adverb )

Two Equus caballuss ingesting grass.

A F G ( infinite clause: present participial )

A subject oral composed simply by Lee Therefore Man

B E Farreneheit G ( infinite offer: past participial )

A third of the populace

A W F

Noun phrase in Vietnamese

Definitions:

Mai, Vu and Hoang ( 2006 ) described NP ( danh nga? ) is known as a phrase where the noun map as the main portion.

Besides, NP inside the theory of Doan, Nguyen, Pham ( 2001 ) is a inch free mixture of a noun karyon and one or more than one additional elements ” which can be front elements position before the center noun or perhaps can be end elements ranking after the center noun.

Composition:

As a expression, NP in Vietnamese besides has 3 chief parts: Pre-Modification ( Front Aspect ), Brain ( Nucleus ), Post-Modification ( End Element ). More elaborate, harmonizing to Mai ou Al. , s theory ( pp. 276-280 ), the construction of NP in Vietnamese can be defined as followers:

Tag? t ca?

nha? ng

Cai

que incluye meo

A’en

a? sumado a

( -3 )

( -2 )

( -1 )

Mind noun ( 0 )

( 1 )

( 2 )

Table some: The construction of any NP in Vietnamese

Front elements

Even as can see from your tabular array, the elements in the place ( -3 ), ( -2 ) and ( -1 ) are called the front elements, while the elements standing up after the karyon ( one particular ) and ( 2 ) these are known as end factors. Those elements are placed in a stable manner as demonstrated in the over tabular mixture.

In footings of the front side elements, we now have three kinds. In the place ( -1 ), quantifiers such as inches ta? big t ca? inch, ” ta? t tha? y inch, ” anordna? t tha? y inch, ” anordna? t ca? “, inch ca? inches, aˆ. are being used. Those phrases can happen prior to:

definite amounts: ma¢t, haifisch, Ba, ba’n, aˆ

Ex-husband: ta? to ca? ba’n m? ? i sinh vien ( 1 )

corporate nouns: A’an, lA, bo, ba¢, na? meters, aˆ.

Ex-husband: ca? lA con trai

general adjective: qua? n, ao, binh, linh, xe ca¢, might moc, aˆ

Ex-husband: ha? t tha? y might moc

Allow , s i9000 pay attending to the quantifiers such as inch ta? t ca? inches, ” ta? t tha? y “, ” anordna? t tha? y “, ” anordna? t florida? “, ” ca? inches, aˆ. From the illustrations previously mentioned, we can see that such those quantifiers happen before the caput noun. Right now, taking the 1st illustration, would it be right if we say it in such a fashion ” ba’n m? ? i sinh vien tag? t ca? “? Truly, in footings of sentence structure, it is right but the value is different. The NP inches ta? to ca? ba’n m? ? i sinh vien inch means that no pupils happen to be left, but also in ” ba’n m? ? i sinh vien tag? t florida? “, there are a few pupils left. So , we could reason that ” konstruera? t los angeles? ” can easily stand before and after the caput noun with respect to the talker , s participating.

Diep Quang Ban ( 2000 ) stated that place ( -2 ) is the topographic point used by word category as fans:

Definite numeral/ central physique ( ta cha° sa’ l? a? ng xac A’a¹nh/sa’ ta )

Ma¢t, hai, Handbag, ba’n, m? a? i actually, trA? meters aˆ..

Meters? a? we con meo

Estimate quantifier ( ta cha° sa’ pha? ng A’a¹nh )

Vai, ajajai Ba, de uma? m, meters? ? i, aˆ

irá Ba khach hang

Allocating words ( ta pig y phan pha’i )

Ma-i, ma¢t, tang, aˆ

Ma-i cong dan

Articles or blog posts ( quan ta )

Nha? ng, cac, ma¢t,..

Nha? ng bac sA

Word ” ma? y “

Ma? y con ga nay

Table 5: the place ( -2 ) in a NP in Vietnamese

However , we should spend attending that such components as inches vai, vai Ba, ag? m, aˆ ” can easily non co-exist with the quantifiers such as ” ta? capital t ca? inch, ” ta? t tha? y “, ” ‘? t tha? y “, ” ha? t los angeles? “, inches ca? inches in the place ( -3 ).

In footings with the place ( -1 ), Diep Quang Ban ( 2000 ) stated that it must be taken by the deictic expression ” cai ” ( ta cha° xua? capital t ) in order to stress items mentioned inside the caput noun. However , sometimes, ” cai ” can be replaced by simply another deictic word including ” que incluye ” in NP inches con ng? a? i a? con “. In Vietnamese NP, ” cai ” happens before the caput noun and can step in among a numerical ( if you have one ) and the sérier or a stage phrase. It can be preceded by other pre-noun qualifiers including quantifiers, amounts, and content articles. It must ever coincide which has a classifier as with ” handbag cai cua¢n len of ” or ” handbag cai thung n? aºc nay inch. Besides, inches cai inches is sometimes wrongly diagnosed with the homonymic classifier inches cai “, but it , s different from classifier cai every bit great as various other classifiers in term of distribution and map. When ” cai ” precedes a count number noun, the usage of a classifier is essential, as displayed in ( a ). However , inch cai inch can low be used prior to homonymic sérier as displayed in ( B )

Ba cai cua¢n len ( appropriate )

Purse cai cai chen ( incorrect )

Normally, with all the presence from the deictic phrase, the noun is demonstrative like ” nay inch, ” of “, inch a? con “, aˆ. ( eg: cai tha? ng nhoc nay ). But , in spoken linguistic communication, we all frequently see that the demonstratives are omitted, like ” cai tha? ng nhoc “.

The karyon ( head noun ):

Harmonizing to Dinh Dien ( n. m ), the karyon ( place ( 0 ) ) might be a noun ( son, teacher, feline, houseaˆ ) or a combination between a classifier ( danh ta cha° alabanza? i ) and the caput noun just like ” que incluye ng? a? i inches, ” quya? n sach “, ” may social fear? y inches. Otherwise, the caput noun may be a classifier accompanied by a descriptive free term bunch ( ta¢ ha? p ta ta do mieu konstruera? ) such as ” hai ng? a? i A’ang nga”i noi chuya¡n A’a? ng of “, inch nha? ng via¡c suspend hom ba? a inch Additionally , words and phrases which are low nouns can easily besides become the caput due to the talking wont of Vietnamese. For illustration, we can shorten the NP ” hai ca’c los angeles phe A’en ” in the NP inches hai A’en “.

A lot of Vietnamese classifiers are normally employed:

caiA: employed for most inanimate objects ( cai suspend, cai gha?,.. )

que tiene: normally to get animate beings and kids ( con become ), yet can be used to reflect some lifeless objects ( con dao, con A’? a? ng )

bai: used for composings like words, drawings, sentirse forms, works, etc ( bai a?, bai loath,.. )

cay: used for stick-like objects ( cay ph? a? ng, cay sung, aˆ )

toa: edifices of authorization: tribunals, accès, ” tusk towers inches ( toa nha,.. )

qua? /trai: used for ball-shaped objects ( qua? chua’i, trai A’a? t,.. )

quya? n/cua’n: used for book-like objects ( cua’n sach, quya? n ta? s chi,.. )

ta?: linens and other slender objects made of paper ( ta? gia? y, ta? bao,.. )

la: smaller sheets of paper ( la a?, la bai, aˆ )

via¡c: a conference or a great on-going method ( via¡c kinh doanh, via¡c ha? c, aˆ )

End elements:

Doan et Al. classified the terminal factors in footings of percentage of address, development, manner of intrigue, order of some elements.

c. one particular ) In footings of portion of addresses:

noun

laºp ngoa? my spouse and i nga?

verb

laºp giao tia? s

adjectival

laºp A’ong

central numerical

laºp 4

noun of topographic point

laºp tren la? u

noun of cut

laºp bua¢i ta’i

pronoun

laºp caa toi

Desk 6: The terminal components in Vietnamese NP in footings of portion of address

c. two ) In footings of construction:

A chief , accessary key phrase: sach virtual assistant? n ha? c Ma?

A co-ordinated phrase: sach nghe se till att du är noi

A S-V key phrase: sach mother? toi vaa mua

c. 3 ) In footings of manner of connexion:

Direct ways ( eg: tinh tha? n thep, ma? t ba” cauaˆ )

Indirect ways ( eg: ba¢ phim ma anh thich, bai via? to ma toi vaa hoan thanh )

c. four ) In footings with the undermentioned purchase:

The nucleus i? A i? B ( a, B, level Celsius, vitamin D ) i? C

A

Bacillus

C

goes with the karyon to organize a term ( a compound noun )

details the features of the object that the karyon stated

Ex-husband: phong khach ra¢ng, ban lam via¡c American ginseng tra? ng, aˆ.

demonstrative pronouns such as inches nay, a? y, A’o ” aˆ

a

N

C

vitamin D

a noun, a action-word or an adjectival

inches va? & noun ” or ” ba? ng + noun “

inches caa & noun inch or ” aY + noun inch

Clauses

Stand 6: The terminal elements in Thai NP in footings of some factors , order.

Something about demonstratives may will you misconstruing if we arrange them in several order. For instance, compare two NPs inch via¡c a? y caa anh inch and inches via¡c caa anh a? y “, we can see the in significance here as a result of our speaking modulation. Inside the first NP, if we speak with a level modulation, we can figure out it while ” his work inch, whereas, whenever we speak with a raising modulation in ” a? y inches in the second NP, it could be understood that ” that , s your work, non others , work “.

Some designs:

Ta? big t ca? nha? ng cai vay A’en ba? ng denims aY store Cass ma california? u

( -1 ) ( -2 ) ( -3 ) ( zero ) ( 1 ) ( aje? bi? ci? vitamin D )

th? a? ng tha? y A’o

( 2 )

B ) A? a? ng A’ua sa’ 2 aY tr? aºc ma? t ( Diep, 2000, l. 60 )

( zero ) ( 1 ) ( central numberi? degree Celsius )

degree Celsius ) Nha? ng tha? ng nhoc ngha¹ch nga? m a? y

( -2 ) ( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( adjectival ) ( 2 )

vitamin D ) San nha qi maºi lau

( 0 ) ( one particular ) ( S-V term )

vitamin E ) Cai cua’n ta? l chi aY tren ka¡ A’o

( -1 ) ( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( degree Celsius ) ( two )

A comparing of English NP and Vietnamese NP

From what we talk about above about the NP in The english language and Vietnamese, we can see that both of them have a basic development: pre-modification, caput, post-modification.. Nevertheless , there are still a lot of differences between them. We can discourse several singular similarities and differences in the areas of pre-modification and post-modification in The english language and Thai NP.

1st, in both equally English and Vietnamese NP, quantifier, quantities, fractions stand before the caput noun.

( a ) All those old chairs

Quantifier caput noun

( W ) Thousands of people

statistical caput noun

( degree Celsius ) One-third of my learners

fraction caput noun

( a ) Ta? to ca? nha? ng cai gha? cA A’o

quantifier caput noun adjectival

( B ) Vai ngan ng? a? i

numerical caput noun

( degree Celsius ) Ma¢t pha? n Purse sa’ ha? c sinh caa toi

fraction caput noun

Second, demonstrative, ordinal Numberss, genitives come ahead of the caput noun in The english language but following the caput noun in Vietnamese.

That big brick residence

demonstrative caput noun

The second circuit to Korea

ordinal figure caput noun

The best spicy nutrient

genitive caput noun

( a ) Ngoi nha ba? ng ga? ch to laºn A’o

caput noun demonstrative

( N ) Chuya? n du la¹ch tha hai A’a? n Ryan Qua’c

caput noun ordinal figure

( degree Celsius ) Thac A? and key yeu thich caa toi

caput noun genitive

Third, in footings of adjectives, all of us put them in forepart with the caput noun in English language NP but also in Vietnamese, all of us put them after the caput noun.

Ex-husband: cai ban mau nau lam ba? ng ga- xoai

caput noun. adjectives

A brown oaken tabular array.

adjectives mind noun.

However , in some instances, adjectives come following your caput noun in The english language NP such as ” some thing unusual inches, ” person brave “, aˆ In addition , the buy of adjectives qualifiers in English is definitely instead fixed ( term, size, form, age, coloring material, starting, substance, present participial ) whereas that in Thai NP might be exchanged, based upon the talker , s i9000 attending. For illustration, in British, we merely have merely one buy ” a reasonably bluish skirt ” nevertheless we state in Japanese, there are 2 ways ” ma¢t chia? c vay mau xanh district attorney tra? i xinh xa? in ” and ” ma¢t chia? c vay xinh xa? and mau xanh district attorney tra? i inches.

Furthermore, in English NP, the going on of adjective and clinchers is necessary but optional in Japanese NP. So , if we convert the term ” cua’n sach prosopopeya ban ” into Thai, it will be ” book about tabular mixture “. Can it be right? Because you see, the actual phrase ought to be ” the book around the tabular mixture “.

In Vietnamese, classifiers are generally obligatory in numerated NP whereas in English, all of us do n’t usually employ classifiers ahead of nouns, besides some particular words ” a support of locations “, inches a loaf of staff of your life ” aˆ.

Ex-husband: In English, all of us say inch two books ” but in Vietnamese, we say ” hai cua’n sach “.

The following big difference I want to ad is the place of noun qualifiers. In English language NP, offered before a caput noun but in Vietnamese, they come following the caput noun. Nevertheless, in some instances in Vietnamese, noun qualifiers precedes the caput noun ( eg ma¢t thi nhan, ma¢t ca? tha,.. )

A concert dance category

A lot of money circuit

A summer manage

( a ) Ma¢t laºp Ba le

( B ) Chuya? and du la¹ch tra? n goi

( degree Celsius ) chia? n da¹ch mua he

Last although non least, sometimes there are some equivocal constructions that trigger us bewildered. In Vietnamese, what makes people , s head foremost is usually spoken main is the prevalent regulation, which can be besides an all-natural order of individuals , h thought ( Dinh, n. d, g. 11 ). Let , s require a NP as an illustration. How many ways you can state the English NP inch a new Korean language leather layer “? We certainly have ” ma¢t cai ao khoac maºi ba? ng long thu caa Han Qua’c ” or ” ma¢t cai ao khoac Han Qua’c ba? ng long thu maºi inches and inches ma¢t cai ao khoac ba? ng long thu Han Qua’c maºi inches.

It seems that in the English NP, the place of pre-modifiers and post-premodifiers happen to be non thus free and flexible as that in Thai NP

Discount in The english language instruction and acquisition

Scholars of English may carry some troubles such as tips on how to interpret by

English in to Vietnamese and frailty versa due to the differences in the place of pre-modifiers and post-modifiers we certainly have merely stated previously ( for instance: ma¢t quya? n sach hay , a book very good or a publication interesting. They may besides maintain problem with the order in the adjectives within a instead extended noun expression with many adjectives. Which appositive come main? Which one can come next? Wherever should we set these adjectives. Vietnamese pupils may happen it hard to retrieve each of the places because of the wont of puting the adjectives following your caput noun and making use of them flexibly.

Knowing plainly about The english language NP and Vietnamese NP, particularly the dissimilarities every bit very good as the most popular errors that Vietnamese scholars frequently meet up with will assist the instructors guideline their pupils right. In other words, scholars can easily cognize their particular errors from the beginning so that they can happen it simple to larn British subsequently, specifically grammar. Based upon the honnêteté of English language NP and Vietnamese NP, the trainers besides style the undertakings for learners to consolidate and design cognition of phrases and sentences in both two linguistic marketing and sales communications.

Decision

In decision, although NP in English and Vietnamese has the same fundamental construction ( pre-modification, caput, post-modification ), they are no the same inside the word purchase of pre-modification and post-modification. These differences are caused by the unsimilarity in thought and talking wont of English language and Thai. As a pupil every bit great as a teacher-to-be, this research helps me a batch. When making this project, I have a opportunity to consolidate my cognition of both British and Vietnamese and cognize something new and helpful. With what I learn from this research, I will value to my survey and learning calling.