Thermal power plant general layout

Energy, Power

A Cold weather Power Plant changes the heat energy of coal into electric power. Coal can be burnt in a boiler which in turn converts normal water into steam. The growth of steam in generator produces mechanised power which in turn drives the alternator (generator) coupled for the turbine.

Thermal Electric power Plants add maximum for the generation of Power for almost any country. Cold weather Power Vegetation constitute 75. 43% of the total installed captive and non-captive electrical power generation. In thermal generating stations coal, oil, natural gas etc . are engaged as major sources of strength.

GENERAL LAYOUT OF ENERGY POWER STATION

MAIN ANDAUXILIARY EQUIPMENTS

Coal Controlling Plant

F Plant

Draft System

Boiler

Ash Handling Plant

Turbine

Alternator

Condenser

Cooling Towers and Fish ponds

Economizer

Give food to Water Heater

Superheater and Reheater

Air Preheater

COAL HANDLING GROW:

The function of coal managing plant is definitely automatic nourishing of fossil fuel to the boiler furnace. A thermal power plant burns enormous amounts of fossil fuel.

A 200MW herb may require around 2000 a lot of coal daily.

PULVERISING PLANT:

In modern heat power plant, fossil fuel is pulverized i. at the. ground to dust just like size and carried for the furnace in a stream of hot air. Pulverized is a way of exposing a big surface area for the action of oxygen and consequently helping burning.

DRAFT PROGRAM:

The circulation of air can be caused by a difference in pressure, known as Draft. Draft can be described as differential pressure b/w ambiance and in the boiler. You need to cause the flow of gases through boiler placing. It may be organic draft OR mechanical draft

BOILER:

A boiler or perhaps steam generator is a closed vessel by which water pressurized, is converted into steam. It can be one of the major components of a heat power plant. Constantly designed to absorb maximum quantity of heat on sale since the process of burning. Boilers are of two types

Fire tube boiler.

Water tube boiler.

Super Heater:

Superheater is known as a component of a steam-generating unit in which heavy steam, after it includes left the boiler trommel, is heated up above it is saturation temperatures. The amount of superheat added to the steam can be influenced by location, arrangement, and sum of super heater surface installed, in addition to the rating with the boiler. The super heating unit may contain one or more phases of conduit banks arranged to efficiently transfer temperature from the items of combustable.

Re-Heater:

Reheater is usually steam furnace component in which heat can be added to this pressure steam, that has given up some of its energy in growth through the highpressure turbine. The steam after reheating is used to move the second steam turbine the place that the heat is definitely converted to physical energy. This mechanical strength is used to operate the alternator, which is paired to generator, there simply by generating electric power.

TURBINE:

A vapor turbine converts heat strength of heavy steam into physical energy and drives the generator. By using the principle that steam when issuing from a small starting attains a high velocity. This velocity gained during enlargement depends on the primary and final heat articles of the steam. This big difference b/w preliminary and last heat articles represents the warmth energy changed into kinetic energy. These are of two types

Instinct turbine.

Reaction turbine.

ASH HANDLING PLANT:

The percentage of ash in coal differs from 5% in good quality fossil fuel to about 40% in poor quality fossil fuel. Power plant life generally use poor quality of coal, as a result amount of ash created by it is fairly large. A modern 2000MW flower produces about 5000 plenty of ash daily. The channels use some conveyor arrangement to handle ash to dump sites directly or perhaps for carrying and loading that to trucks and charrette which transfer it towards the site of disposal.

CONDENSER:

These kinds of condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from the gaseous to its water state, also called phase changeover. The purpose is always to condense it (or exhaust) steam from steam generator to obtain maximum efficiency as well as get the compacted steam in the form of pure water, otherwise known as condensate, back in steam electrical generator or (boiler) as central heating boiler feed drinking water.

COOLING PODIUMS AND FISH PONDS:

A condenser demands huge quantity of water to condense the steam. Typically a 2000MW plant requires about 1500MGallon of normal water. Most plants use a shut down cooling system exactly where warm water originating from condenser can be cooled and reused. Cooling tower can be described as steel or perhaps concrete hyperbolic structure having a reservoir on the base for storage of cooled normal water.

FEED HOT WATER HEATER:

Give food to water warming improves overall plant efficiency. The blended oxygen and carbon dioxide which would or else cause boiler corrosion will be removed in feed hot water heater. Thermal challenges due to frosty water entering the furnace drum will be avoided. Volume of steam created by the furnace is improved.

ECONOMIZER:

Flue gases coming out of the boiler hold lot of warmth. An economizer extracts a part of this temperature from flue gases and uses this for heating system feed normal water. This use of economizer ends in saving fossil fuel consumption and higher furnace efficiency.

SURROUNDINGS PREHEATER:

After flue gases leave economizer, a few further temperature can be removed from them and used to warmth incoming high temperature. Cooling of flue gas by 20 degree centigrade increases the plant efficiency simply by 1%. Air flow preheaters may be of three types

Menu type

Tubular type

Regenerative type

ADVANTAGES

• The fuel utilized is quite cheap.
• Less initial price as compared to additional generating vegetation.
• It might be installed from anywhere irrespective of the existence of coal.
• The coal can be easily carried to the site
• It requires fewer space as compared with Hydro electrical power plants.
• Cost of era is less than those of diesel electric power plants.

DISADVANTAGES

• That pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount of smoke and fumes.
• It is more expensive in working cost as compared with Hydroelectric crops.
• Maintenance cost is even more