Fictional drug abuse case example

Dual Diagnosis, Drug Abuse, Drug Screening, Methadone

Research from Case Study:

Substance Dependency

Jesse Bruce Pinkman is one of the most important characters in the popular TV series, ‘Breaking Bad’. He plays the deuteragonist (2nd most significant character) inside the series, joining up with Walter White in the methamphetamine medicine ring. Pinkman acts as a seller and maker of methamphetamine, and is also a methamphetamine customer. Jesse was also a past student in White’s hormone balance class.

Based on the program software, Pinkman was developed September 13, 1984, to a middle profits family in Albuquerque, New Mexico. While still in high school, he began using and dealing methamphetamine. After becoming thrown out of the home for his continued drug use, this individual moved into his Aunt Ginny’s place, and looked after her until your woman died of lung tumor. After her death the ownership of the house fell to his parents who allowed him to keep staying presently there. The rift between Pinkman and his relatives continues during most of the series; this is apparently because of his drug work with and the associating lifestyle. Jesse’s character is usually modified through the series, from a relaxed funnyman who also provides comic relief inside the early attacks, to a disrupted and unfortunate shadow of his previous self (Pinkman, n. d).

Assessment

Drug abuse examination is an analysis of sufferers who meet two circumstances. The initially condition would be that the individual’s medicine screening answers are positive, and signal feasible substance abuse. The other condition would be that the individual’s answers to a quick assessment test indicate various additional factors. These include: impaired control, a craving to use drugs, insufficient social support, proof that they are afflicted by ‘other’ psychosocial conditions; as well as the likelihood that these factors will certainly render a short intervention defeated. Data collected via the assessment will give pointers to the type of problem the consumer faces; it will likewise assist in dedication of a ideal treatment plan.

Assessment:

Studies challenges linked to work with and/or misuse of drugs, just like clinical, interpersonal, financial, and behavioral elements

Provides information for established diagnosis of a possible problem

Establishes the extent of, or perhaps severity with the diagnosed difficulty – moderate, intermediate, or severe

Permits identification of suitable care level.

Provides a guide to your skin therapy plan, such as form of referral(s) needed and/or requirement for particular care

Creates a baseline in terms of the patient’s status at a later time evaluation and comparison

Assessment Guidelines

Key elements in Verification and Assessment

Information precision

Data continuity

Sharing of information

Necessity to rescreen and reassess

Booking of testing and evaluation

When is the official diagnosis important?

Drug assessment

Issues to cope with in the Previously mentioned Exercise

Great substance employ and mistreatment

The need for detoxing

Physical health status

The willingness to commence treatment

Possible dual diagnosis

Stress history

Psychopathy and conceivable danger pertaining to recidivism and violence

From the information supplied, it is possible to see that Pinkman suffers simultaneously from several addiction disorders. These might include severe depression as well as an eating disorder (ED) linked to drug abuse. Anxiety and mood disorders occur for relatively elevated rates amongst individuals who have drug abuse disorders (SUDs). Major depressive disorder has also been referred to as the most common co-occurring Axis We psychiatric disorder. Co-morbid significant depression can be linked to serious and prolonged substance abuse disorders (Worley et al., 2012).

Various aetiological factors that could have resulted in co-occurring drug abuse disorders in Jesse Pinkman’s scenario could be best recognized from a biopsychosocial point of view. The ideas of aetiological co-morbidity include: behavioral and addiction types; biological factors such as genetic risk; personality factors such as chronic dysregulation; novelty in search of; increased impulsivity; and conceivable co-occurring psychopathology, in addition to environmental impact on. Biological aetiological models point out disorders in neurotransmitter function. These include serotonin, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine, and the final endogenous opiate devices in both substance abuse disorders (SUDs) and eating disorders (EDs). The common physical symptoms between these disorders and the regards between the improved effects of substances that are biologically reinforced and food deprival are some of the evidences of the biological version. In terms of innate risk factors, research has displayed that hereditary heritabilities pertaining to eating disorders and substance abuse disorders are 3rd party. Additionally , co-morbidity is likely to be inspired by the two genetics as well as the environment. A lot of people are more at risk of dependency because their innate makeup elevates their level of sensitivity to prescription drugs. Several types of element use and dependence look like genetically predisposed or influenced by the environment; in several circumstances, the drug abuse can be a mixture of both. Different twin studies suggest that there is a huge genetic factor in abusive drinking and dependency (Gregorowski, Seedat Jordaan, 2013).

The habit aetiological co-morbidity model advises chemical habbit in equally substance abuse and eating disorders with personality, hereditary, socio-cultural, and familial influences. Addictive disorders have similar underlying biopsychological processes which include personality and neurobiological factors. Evidence from addiction models show that personality susceptibility factors are viewed as likely triggers for co-morbid substance abuse and eating disorders. These factors appear to differ based on the eating disorder subtype. There is also a link between a family record in terms of alcoholism and dependence and the high prevalence of substance use among folks who have originality seeking characters such as Jesse Pinkman.

Add Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be described as possible mediating factor among his drug abuse and anoresia or bulimia. ADHD has several symptoms including deficiency of attentiveness, impulsivity, hyperactivity and more linked to persona factors and it is usually present in persons struggling with eating disorders. Research has shown co-morbidity between add hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse and anoresia or bulimia. Environmental factors also play a part in the above co-morbid psychopathology. Cumulative early childhood stress may cause various kinds of deregulation, often leading to psychopathology in adulthood (Gregorowski et al., 2013).

Substance abuse disorders will be complicating factors in the screening process, assessment and diagnosis and care of individuals with eating disorders. Studies have proven that folks who mistreatment substances and simultaneously have problems with eating disorders often have worse symptoms of their anoresia or bulimia, and lower functional effects than those with only eating disorders. As well, all those patients with co-morbid ingesting and substance-abuse disorders possess worse substance abuse. Co-morbidity ends in medical complications, longer life long recovery, reduced functional outcomes, higher prices of attempted and powerful suicide, and increased fatality rates. The moment a co-morbid disorder has become diagnosed, a whole clinical and psychiatric evaluation should be carried out; it is possible that patients may have to be stable before beginning of treatment for the two disorders.

One of many challenges towards the diagnosis and treatment of co-morbid disorders is that patients experiencing substance abuse and eating disorders are usually resistant to treatment and may probably experience guilt. This sense of guilt may result in reluctance to report symptoms. Substance abuse and alcoholism also can affect elements that are used to diagnose eating disorders, including cravings, weight, and diet. As a result circumstantial information is important inside the assessment of patients with eating disorders, while putting emphasis on a direct and open-minded procedure (Gregorowski, Seedat Jordaan, 2013).

Assessment tools

Standardized testing and analysis questionnaires

Analysis tools are crucial in analyzing the risk in primary attention. The most successful technique for discovering co-morbid drug abuse disorders is a use of interviews. Obtaining comprehensive details of the substance abuse record, including details of current and previous drug use is recommended. Medicine use history must also include information on the triggers, features, and habits of drug use. The questions in the interviews will need to concentrate on the abuse of substances. The role of alcohol and other psychoactive drugs in mental control must be looked into (e. g. drinking of alcohol pertaining to the comfort of depressive disorder, anxiety or perhaps shame). Several studies underscore the importance of behavioral evaluation using questionnaires, role enjoy, and self-monitoring so as to check out the link between substance abuse patterns and other actions (Gregorowski, Seedat Jordaan, 2013).

Diagnosis In respect to DSM-5 Guidelines

Dual Diagnosis for Jesse Pinkman

The relationship between substance make use of and mental illnesses is actually a complex one particular. The two may be linked in several ways:

Large alcohol or drug work with can cause mental illness simply by harming the mind.

Mental illness can also trigger one to end up being susceptible to substance abuse to alleviate psychiatric stresses.

Several psychological affects of compound use which include anxiety, despression symptoms, mania, and mood swings often seem like mental illness.

The symptoms of several mental ailments may also resemble side-effects of substance abuse.

An experienced therapist can easily evaluate the affected person on several levels to look for the link between their substance use and the mental health. However , sometimes even the many skilled healthcare professionals may find it difficult to create a dual analysis. The Analysis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5, pertaining to the current edition) addresses substance abuse disorders. Drug abuse disorder in DSM-5 utilizes both DSM-IV levels of element use and dependence as one disorder; it can be measured based upon different severity levels. Every particular compound except caffeine is classified as a distinct use disorder (e. g. stimulant make use of disorder); nevertheless , almost all chemicals are assessed based