A comaprison of freud and fromm essay

Sigmund Freud was born in Monrovia on, may 6, 1856. He came into the School of Vienna in 1873 at the age of seventeen. He completed his level in 1881. Freud passed away in England in 1939. He was an active specialist, theorist and writer to the very end. ( Ewen 19-20) Erich Fromm was developed four years after Freud in early 1900s in Frankfurt, Germany. Unlike Freud, Fromm had no medical trained in his history. He received his PHD from the College or university of Heidelberg and later examined at Munich Psychoanalytic Company. Erich Fromm died March 16, 80 in Swiss. (Ewen 187)

While Freud and Fromm were contemporaries and distributed some basic values, their method to most issues varied greatly. Freuds attitude was purely technological. Fromm desired to humanize issues. Fromm acknowledged the importance of unconscious, biological drives, repression and immunity process, but declined Freuds theory of id, ego and superego. Fromm did not believe in specific developmental stages. He believed the growing kid slowly understands to distinguish among I and never I, through contact with the environment, notably those involving the father and mother.

Ewen 194) Fromm disagrees that personality development continues into adulthood. He thinks that if a child retains up with the increasing thoughts of isolation, that panic can be held to a nominal and personality development earnings normally. Freuds well-known theory is that the persona is determined throughout the first five years of lifestyle. He believes we proceed through a series of psychosexual stages: common, anal, urethral, phallic, a latency period and genital. Freud contends that the genital stage may be the goal of normal advancement and that it represents true maturity.

Hansen 25-26) Fromm warns against pathogenic behavior because it can break the childs perception of reliance. He presumed healthy character is illustrated by biophilia, love, creativity and reason. ( Ewen 195-196) These kinds of characteristics compromise the effective frame of orientation. The non-productive frames include narcissism, necrophilia, dependence, compulsive strivings for electricity or wealth and the mechanisms of break free. Fromm acquired four other non-productive orientations that he devoted significant amounts of attention to. Just read was receptive, exploitative, hoarding and marketing.

Three of these orientations can be loosely compared to Freuds oral-dependent, oral-sadistic and anal character with no sexual significance. Freud and Fromm equally believed that dreams would be the royal road to the unconscious. ( Ewen 198) Fromm agreed with Freud that dreams may serve the purpose of wish completion, that the days events set them away, and that a person may possibly conceal truths in different ways. While both men believed in dream symbols, Freud thought most dreams involved child years sexual impulses and Fromm regarded various symbols since asexual.

Fromm believed that dreams would have obvious and undisguised connotations that did not have to require childhood clashes. To understand Fromms approach to scientific diagnosis, his theory of character need to first end up being understood. His theory of character creation was that humans are distinguished from other animals by a greater neocortex with fewer norms of behavior. Character designs human instinct. Man survival can be not merely a matter of physical survival, individuals are interpersonal animals who have must connect with others, and they are spiritual pets or animals who need to infuse their very own lives with meaning to be able to function.

Humans require a feeling of aspire to keep from killing. They also need caring adults in the early years to be teachers that teach these to control their fears and passions and live in harmony with others. Religion the two sacred and secular can provide meaning to our lives and give a feeling of identity and rootness. Fromm accepted Freuds definition of mental health saying it is the convenience of love and productive function. Fromm as well agreed with Freud in saying that psychopathology represents a difference in level, rather than in kind. Fromm states that besides pathogenic behaviors that neurosis can often be caused by the culture in which one lives.

He says that neurosis includes a conflict among two opposing forces. Which can be when our healthy innate drives toward self-realization and independence happen to be blocked by simply parental or perhaps societal impact on. Freud says that neurosis invariably commences in childhood and child years, however it may not become apparent until much later in life. A few causes of neurosis is a insufficient physical affection, overindulgence or perhaps too much frustration during a psychosexual stage will mean harmful fixations, or a kid may suffer by traumatic incidents.

Freud and Fromm the two shared the conviction which the truth will certainly set person free, (www. maccoby. com) but Fromm moves in a different direction from Freuds emphasis on psychoanalysis as a method that with patience uncovers and interrupts amount of resistance in order to regain lost remembrances. Both Freud and Fromm defined psychoanalysis as the art of making the unconscious conscious, both recognize that we withstand knowing the truth and that immunities must be overcome. Their opinions of level of resistance vary even so. Fromm assumed repression is actually a constantly repeating process.

He believed a person resistant to perceiving and knowing away of fear of seeing much more than society allows or as the truth will force someone to experience kinds irrationality or perhaps powerlessness. Freud defined level of resistance more narrowly. He explained it as repressed, subconscious wishes to maintain infantile sex fantasies, plus the childhood anxiety about being penalized because of types libidinal urges, act as resistance from memory. These types of repressions trigger neurotic patterns. Freud thought the key to analyzing and overcoming resistance is transference.

The patient moves desire and fear upon the expert who turns into a substitute for characters of the earlier. Resistance will be overcome only if the performing out within just analysis is definitely interpreted and transformed into recollections which can be worked well through and reintegrated into a more mature mind. Fromm suggested a wider concept of transference. He thought the expert represents infantile authority, such as the mother who also solves every one of her childs problems and also the father who is never satisfied with his sons accomplishments. Rather than facing actuality independently the sufferer continues to copy interpersonal problems and wishes.

Fromms approach tended to excercise this type of transference and with it the patients capacity remembering. Freuds approach to technique could be more democratic than Fromms, especially since Freud did not make an effort to force match the patient right into a formula. Freud did counsel rules inside the doctor-patient relationship, in part to protect himself. Freud did not want to be stared at all working day, thus the individual lies over a couch and cannot view the analyst. Fromm on the other hand enjoyed the humanistic face to face encounter. Sometimes his piercing sight would get cold the patient fantastic intensity may provoke shielding reactions.

Freud saw the analyst as a professional with technical training who needs to have a take pleasure in of fact, a broad education in the arts and savoir, and familiarity with his personal unconscious. One other subject that Fromm and Freud acquired different views on was religion. Fromm has been referred to as deeply spiritual, but still not believing in God. His childhood included a strong Jewish influence, yet he rejected it because he wanted no part of structured religion. The most important aspect of religious beliefs for Fromm personally was your hope that offered.

He praised caring thy neighbors as thyself as the most important standard pertaining to living. ( Ewen 202) Fromm do contend that religion could have harmful effects. He felt religious organizations prohibition of birth control, can stifle healthy and balanced growth and development. This individual did not like the idea of several religions talking different values. He preferred to emphasize the commonness of humanity. Freud regarded religious beliefs to be extremely damaging to the individual and society. This individual viewed faith as a regression to childhood, when a reliant baby needed protection of an all-powerful mother or father.

Ewen 60) He resented religious concepts such as existence continues following death and that all good can be rewarded and all evil punished, that the difficulties of your life serve an increased purpose so there is no purpose to lose hope. Freud assumed religion as a collective neurosis started in a very early on stage of development. People are indoctrinated with religion during childhood, just before reason makes its presence felt, so they may become dependent on their effects. Freud recommended kids be lifted without religious beliefs so they will learn to count on themselves.

This individual thought persons should not look for an ideal joy in the hereafter, but encounter the reality and burdens of life in the present. Freud has its own attacks against him, but despite these kinds of attacks this individual has added greatly to the field of psychology and psychiatry. A whole lot of other personality advocates have utilized Freuds psychoanalytic theory pertaining to the foundation of their very own job. Freud was obviously a brilliant person, but he previously a lack of threshold for various other ideas and modern enhancements and located an overemphasis on libido, drive decrease, and the natural determinants of personality.

His contributions included the importance of unconscious, fantasy interpretation, psychoanalytic therapy and many more. Fromm can be noted for his work in dream meaning and totalitarianism. His performs have been recognized as landmarks in internal, political, and philosophical thought. He provided us with theory and methods to appreciate health and illness as principles that do certainly not refer to the consumer alone, although also the partnership of the individual to others and to cultural institutions. However Fromms tips for social reform have turned out to be very questionable.

He recommended radical cultural changes that could be hard to implement. Many observers known as his concepts unscientific and excessive. I know do not believe a lot of Freuds Theory, however I do give credit rating to him for delivering important information to the field of psychology. I think he was a very smart man and has laid grounds for many to adhere to. Some of the points I do accept are psychoanalytic therapy, the importance of the subconscious, defense mechanisms, which neurosis may be caused in childhood, definitely not with sex implications or perhaps that it is often caused in childhood.

As far as Fromm I do not believe that he is as well known or that his theory is just as important as much of the other theorist. I agree with Fromm because our parents and the environment have a great deal to do with this behaviors or causes of neurosis. I do certainly not believe however that that is the only determinant. I believe it is social and biological factors that we will be shaped simply by. I did not just like the fact that Fromm left numerous doors open up and was very vague. Although I do not acknowledge too much with Freud he did make enormous contributions together a more detailed theory than did Fromm.