92294961

Literature, England

Abstract

This kind of essay examined the function and behavior of the law enforcement officials in the 2011 English riots, which took place from August 6 to 10. The main objective of the essay is always to understand about what extent the 2011 riots might have been aggravated by the behaviour of the authorities. The evaluation revealed that the role and behaviour in the police inside the riots features two measurements: (a) Police’s treatment of certain groups were viewed as tough and discriminatory, especially the end and search practice, which in turn resulted in anger and animosity from a lot of members in the community, and (b) Law enforcement officials response was inefficient in handling the rioting and looting, which resulted in the incident lasting for five days and causing extensive damage.

Intro

The 2011 English riots occurred by August 6 to 15, as many individuals took to the streets in numerous London boroughs and urban centers and neighborhoods across Great britain. This led to looting, arson, robbery, assault, and injuries. Scores of cops were implemented in order to gain back peace and stability inside the affected areas. The event garnered very much media promotion, as well as general public concern and scrutiny (Guardian 2011, Joyce , Wallis 2011).

This has been viewed from numerous perspectives. Governing bodies and several mass media outlets have referred to the incident while ‘riots’ and equated the actions of participants to criminal behaviour. On the other hand, sympathisers have referred to them as being a protest, innovation, and rebellion against inequality and the california’s inefficiencies (Joyce , Wallis 2011, Cruz 2011, Finchet-Maddock 2011, Democracy Now 2011, White 2011, Peralta 2011).

There are many assumptions, theories and speculations upon what triggered the 2011 English riots. The mass media, government authorities, and academic community have asked several feasible reasons because the main drivers behind the incident. Some of the common details are: anger with law enforcement officials, weak police response, high rates of youth joblessness and poor job prospects, poverty, sociable and financial inequality, racism and ethnic profiling, sociable exclusion, get ranking opportunism, well being dependence, austerity measures or spending reduces which taken off many support mechanisms, poor parenting, commercialism, and social websites (BBC Information 2011a, The Guardian 2011, Taylor, Rogers , Lewis 2011, Travis 2011, The Week Content Staff 2011, Euronews 2011, Riddell 2011).

This conventional paper aims to be familiar with riots from the context with the role and behaviour in the police prior to and during the wedding. As such, this kind of essay will attempt to discuss about what extent the 2011 riots might have been cut by the behavior of the law enforcement. This paper will provide a target and crucial analysis of the subject by using information via various resources, such as media articles, opinions, and educational reports. The analysis will also be viewed by different angles (i. e. from the viewpoints of the community, media, government authorities, and the police). This is to ensure a fair and balanced research of the subject.

Background Information within the 2011 English language Riots

The 2011 English language riots had been believed to have been triggered with a protest drive in Tottenham, which was prepared by the relatives and close friends of Indicate Duggan (who was taken and killed by a police officer on Aug 4, 2011). According to the 3rd party Police Issues Commission (IPCC), Duggan was killed within a planned criminal arrest as part of Procedure Trident (Bolesworth et ing 2011, Laville et al 2011). The Trident can be described as Metropolitan Police Service unit, which investigates gun criminal offenses within the Afro-Caribbean communities working in london.

There were contradictory media reports regarding the firing of Tag Duggan and this is considered to have enjoyed a big function in creating conflict between the police and sympathizers of Duggan. Initial reports show that Duggan had dismissed on the police, however , his family and friends insisted that he was unarmed. The IPCC later acknowledged that Duggan had not fired a gun and confessed that they may possibly have misled journalists in believing that shots was exchanged (The Australian 2011, Press TELEVISION SET 2011, Vasagar 2011).

Duggan’s death generated a lot of media promotion and increased public invective in the Tottenham community. Upon August 6, the family members, friends, and other supporters of Duggan, held a demonstration rally to demand justice and law enforcement explanation to get his loss of life (Press TELEVISION 2011, Bolesworth et ‘s 2011). The protest pertaining to Mark Duggan was initially peaceful but after turned violent as participants in the march remained dissatisfied with the response that they received from authorities (Smith 2011, Bolesworth et al 2011, Laville ainsi que al 2011).

Shortly after the protest, the first episode of rioting and looting were reported in Tottenham. This was afterwards followed by more rioting and looting by Tottenham Hale retail playground. What started out as a small , local demonstration spiralled unmanageable as persons, especially the junior, took good thing about the situation if they realised which the police wasn’t able to be almost everywhere at once and may not address all the instances, especially if it had been done on the great range. With the use of cell phones and networking communities, word received around quickly and many disguised, young people were quick to cash in on the chaos (Euronews 2011, Jones 2011).

While news propagate and rumours about the Tottenham riots abounded, different districts in London were troubled by extensive looting, arson, thievery, and physical violence. Riots were reported in Birmingham, Bristol, Gloucester, Gillingham, Nottingham, Leicester, parts of Western world Midlands and Greater Manchester, and Merseyside in north-west England. The incidents happened mostly through the night as rioters and looters took good thing about the cover of night to go of their plans (BBC News 2011b, The Mom or dad 2011, Riddell 2011).

Evaluating the Position and Behaviour of the Police before and through the riots

Various analysts and experts have remarked that the police’s handling (or mishandling) with the Mark Duggan case experienced incited thoughts of anger and injustice from the community, especially via blacks and youths coming from impoverished areas, because it was seen as another example of excessive police brutality. The community already had emotions of animosity towards the police and the loss of life of Draw Duggan simply ‘incensed the already raw community’ (Finchet-Maddock 2011, l. 55).

The shooting of Mark Duggan was not an isolated case. There have been accounts of law enforcement violence and harassment and deaths of suspected felons under police custody. In addition, the treatment of police, particularly it is singling away of specific areas and individuals intended for monitoring preventing and search practices, was identified as the reason for the suspicion and resentment of some sectors of world (especially among blacks and minority cultural groups) resistant to the police. This really is believed to be one of many motivating elements for the riots (Riddell 2011).

A report conducted by Guardian and the London Institution of Economics found that based on interviews with 270 rioters, the riots were triggered simply by ‘widespread frustration and anger at the approach police build relationships communities’ (Lewis et al 2011, l. 1). Selection interviews with rioters revealed their particular deep-rooted antipathy and distrust towards the authorities. Analysts pointed out that this distrust and violence towards the law enforcement officials were one of the key motorists for the riots. The study also demonstrated that even though the rioters determined various political grievances, the focal point with their complaints was their a sense of injustice, particularly in terms of police treatment. They particularly mentioned all their intense aggravation at the approach members of their communities happen to be subjected to ‘stop and search’ by the law enforcement officials. This getting was echoed in a federal government report executed by persistent panel, wherein stop and search was identified as one of many motivational elements for black and Asian rioters. Many of the individuals also publicly stated that they seemed they were clearly engaging in anti-police riots. That they identified policing as the most significant cause of the riots. This is incited by anger they will felt about the police taking pictures of Indicate Duggan. Nevertheless , the impartial government panel report contradicted this obtaining as it figured there was ‘no single cause for the riots’ (Lewis ain al 2011, p. 1).

According to Smith (2011), the rioting was mainly aimed at taking control of certain areas from the authorities, usually for a short period of time. This was seen as an way of ‘sticking two hands up to authority’ or repayment against the authorities (sec. 2). Smith’s study also identified inappropriate policing as one of the individuals behind the riots. Specifically, the author investigated two types of policing: (a) Long-term policing practices, and (b) Police reaction to incidents.

Long-term policing practices label the use of ‘stop and search’ and ‘stop and account’ in some residential areas, especially in insolvent areas. These types of practices also seem to be relevant to racial stereotyping and elegance, especially for blacks and Asians, and have brought on significant animosity among selected groups of young people (Riddell 2011, Lewis et al 2011, Smith 2011)). The riots were after that seen by many people participants as an opportunity to settle at the law enforcement officials. Smith (2011) postulates that ‘more than anything payback appears to have been, or probably, the key motivating aspect in terms of the rioting element of the disturbances’ (sec 5).

An additional dimension of policing is a police’s response during the riots. The police’s mishandling of the situation regarding the shooting of Mark Duggan and their failure to provide sufficient response to the subsequent cases of riots, looting, and violence have contributed to the escalation and worsening of events. There are not enough authorities on the roads, especially for the second nights disturbances, and the media’s depiction of law enforcement retreating or standing by when looting and rioting took place are believed to acquire empowered more people to join in or duplicate the activities in other areas. The absence of law enforcement officers to get involved in the wide-scale looting and violence triggered a breakdown of order and enabled the incident to last intended for five days (Smith 2011, Riddell 2011, Euronews 2011).

From the point of view of the police, their inability to scale up their responses to the riots was due to a mixture of two essential factors. Initially is that they were trying never to inflame the situation by exercising caution and extreme restraint when coping with protesters and rioters. This was due to the criticisms they received from their previous handling of student demonstrations. Secondly, the authorities argued which it takes time to muster enough forces, increase their response, and modify that based on improvements. It is really worth noting the tactical response of the law enforcement officials had to be significantly altered since the protests turned into rioting and looting (Smith 2011). As such, the police had to extend its assets and change their tactics as the episode worsened.

Looking back, a faster, more reactive, and stronger law enforcement intervention could have reduced the size of rioting and looting (Smith 2011). However , that cannot be guaranteed that such a response could have effectively settled the event. The situation before the riots had been very sensitive due many years of pent up stress against the authorities. A harder police involvement could always be counter-productive. Though it may help to curb the rioting and looting, that guarantee long term peace and stability.

It is usually argued the fact that stricter take care of the police in certain areas and towards a lot of groups is caused by the substantial incidence of crime during these communities. Actually the prevent and search practice was implemented to minimize gun crimes and offering of drugs. Nevertheless , over the years, it has created a backlash among the members of these neighborhoods because that they feel discriminated by the authorities. As such, the authorities are placed in a dilemma: just how can they enforce law and order in communities with high criminal offenses without imposing stricter treatment and practices?

In a sense, the escalation from the English riots can be attributed to this meaningful dilemma. The police’s tough treatment toward certain sectors of the community had triggered resentment and anger, which usually exploded inside the wake of Mark Duggan’s shooting. While the police tried to exercise restraining during the subsequent rioting and looting ” lest they be falsely accused of more police brutality ” the disturbances simply increased because people thought that all the police was incapable of preventing them. Law enforcement erred and was harshly criticized because of their treatment of some members with the community. Nevertheless , they were criticized even more whenever they failed to promptly stop the rioting, looting, and assault. Whichever actions they had taken, they wound up bearing a significant portion of the to take responsiblity for the 2011 English riots.

Conclusion

This kind of paper aimed to analyze the role and behaviour of the police inside the 2011 The english language riots, specifically for understand as to the extent the riots may have been aggravated by behaviour in the police. Outcomes of the examination show that the police’s conduct prior to and through the riots had a significant impact on the specific situation.

Prior to the riots, the police’s harsh treatment towards several groups (especially blacks and also other ethnic minorities) had currently resulted in anger, frustration, bitterness, and impression of injustice which was felt by some people of the community, particularly in impoverished areas. The police taking pictures of Indicate Duggan helped bring these feelings to the fore and incited certain groups to join the rioting. The case later increased to looting, arson, thievery and assault as individuals realized that they can take advantage of the situation and repayment at the police.

Police response during the preliminary days of rioting was too little and only induced more individuals to be stimulated to join or copy the disturbance. As such, the police’s failure to promptly address the situation additional worsened the situation.

In conclusion, the police’s conduct before and through the riots combined to aggravate the riots. This is supported by the fact that many studies and inspections conducted about the 2011 English riots pointed out that incorrect policing was one of the crucial drivers in back of the occurrence.

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