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? 6th? 1 A SHORTER HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is motivated by the traditions and faith of a persons. Styles in Western artwork have altered many times. And there is so many different types of Western artwork, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text.

Consequently, this text will explain only the most critical ones, beginning with the sixth century ADVERTISING. The Middle Age groups (5th to the 15th century AD) Through the Middle Ages, the primary aim of artists was to symbolize religious styles. A conventional musician of this period was not thinking about showing mother nature and people because they really were.

A typical picture at this time was full of faith based symbols, which usually created feeling of respect and love to get God. However it was apparent that ideas were changing in the 13th century the moment painters just like Giotto di Bondone started to paint faith based scenes towards a more realistic approach. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new concepts and ideals graduallv substituted those held in the Middle Age ranges. People began to concentrate less on faith based themes and adopt a far more humanistic attitude to life. Concurrently painters came back to time-honored Roman and Greek concepts about skill. They attempted to paint people and nature as they genuinely were.

Wealthy people desired to possess their particular paintings, so they could decorate their very own superb castles and wonderful houses. That they paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their properties and property as well as all their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to attract things in perspective. This system was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his artwork, they were confident that they were looking by using a hole within a wall in a real landscape. If the tasks of point of view had not been learned, no one could have been able to paint these kinds of realistic images.

By coincidence, oil chemicals were also developed at this time, which will made the colours found in paintings appear richer and deeper. Without the new chemicals and the fresh technique, we would not be able to see the many superb masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe improved a great deal. from a mostly agricultural contemporary society to a generally industrial 1. Many people moved from your countryside towards the new urban centers. There were brand new inventions and social improvements. Naturally, these types of changes as well led to new painting variations.

Among the painters who pennyless away from the traditional style of art work were the Impressionists, who also lived and worked in Paris. The Impressionists had been the initially painters to work outdoors. They were desperate to show just how light and shadow chop down on items at several times of day time. However , because natural light adjustments so quickly, the Impressionists had to color quickly. Their very own paintings are not as detailed as the ones from earlier painters. At first, a large number of people disliked this style of art work and became extremely angr regarding it. They said the painters were careless and the paintings were ridiculous. Modern day Art (20th century to today)

At that time they were produced, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, currently they are approved as first what we call “modem art”. It is because the Impressionists encouraged music artists to look at all their environment in new ways. You will find scores of modern day art variations, but with no Impressionists, a number of these painting styles might not can be found. On the one hand, several modem artwork is subjective, that is, the painter would not attempt to paint objects even as see associated with our eyes, but rather concentrates on particular qualities from the object, applying colour, line and shape to represent these people.

On the other hand, a few paintings of recent art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These models are so different. Who can foresee what art work styles it will have in the future? Device 3 A healthy life-Reading TIPS FROM GRANDAD Dear David, It is a fabulous day in this article and I was sitting within the big tree at the end of the garden. I’ve just delivered from a good bike drive to an old castle. It seems like amazing that at my era I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres within an afternoon. It can my birthday in two weeks time and Soon we will be 82 years old!

I think my personal long and active existence must be because of the healthy existence I live. This gives me for the real cause of my letter, my special grandson. Your mother informs me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding hard to give up. Believe myself, I know how easy you should begin smoking and how difficult it is to quit. You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes. By the way, did you know that it is because you become hooked in three different ways? 1st, you can turn into physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the a huge selection of chemicals in cigarettes.

Therefore after a when your body turns into accustomed to having nicotine in it. And so when the drug leaves your body, you receive withdrawal symptoms. I remember sense bad-tempered and occasionally in soreness. Secondly, you feel addicted through habit. Everbody knows, if you do the same thing over and over again, you start to do it automatically. Lastly, you may become emotionally addicted. My spouse and i believed I had been happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I possibly could only feel great when I used to smoke. I was addicted in all 3 ways, so it was very difficult to quit.

But I did so finally deal with. When I was young, My spouse and i didn’t know much about the harmful effects of cigarette smoking. I did not know, for example , that it can do horrible damage to the heart and lungs or perhaps that it was more challenging for cigarette smoking couples to become pregnant. I certainly don’t know their very own babies may have a compact birth pounds or even end up being abnormal in some manner. Neither would I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers. Yet , what I did know is that my girl thought We smelt terrible. She said my breath and garments smelt, and the ends of my fingers were turning yellow.

She told me that your woman wouldn’t go out with me again unless We stopped! I also pointed out that I started to be breathless quickly, and that I actually wasn’t enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the school football crew because I was unfit, I knew it was a chance to quit smoking. I actually am sending you some advice I came across on the Internet. It might help you to stop and strengthen your handle. I do expect so because I want you to live as long and healthy and balanced a existence as I possess. Love via Grandad Device 5 The potency of nature-Reading A FANTASTIC JOB I have the greatest work in the world.

My spouse and i travel to strange places and work together with people via all over the world. At times working outside the house, sometimes within an office, occasionally using technological equipment and sometimes meeting residents and tourists, I i am never tired. Although my own job can be occasionally dangerous, I may mind since danger excites me besides making me experience alive. Yet , the most important issue about my own job is the fact I support protect everyone else from one of the very powerful forces on earth , the volcano. I was designated as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.

My work is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in The hawaiian islands. Having gathered and evaluated the information, My spouse and i help different scientists to predict wherever lava from the volcano will certainly flow following and how fast. Our operate has saved many lives because people in the path from the lava could be warned to leave their very own houses. However, we are not able to move all their homes aside, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground. When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes to earth, it causes significantly less damage you might picture.

This is because no person lives close to the top of Mount Kilauea, where the stones fall. The lava that flows slowly and gradually like a trend down the pile causes far more damage as it buries every thing in its path under the smelted rock. Yet , the eruption itself is very exciting to view and I shall never forget my personal first sight of one. It had been in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii islands. Having worked hard all day, My spouse and i went to pickup bed early. I had been fast asleep when abruptly my foundation began shaking and I heard a strange appear, like a train train completing my home window. Having experienced numerous earthquakes in Hawaii currently, I did not take very much notice.

I used to be about to get back to sleep when ever suddenly my personal bedroom became as bright as day time. I ran out of the house into the back garden exactly where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance. There have been an eruption from the side of the huge batch and reddish colored hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the atmosphere. It was an absolutely fantastic view. The day after this kind of eruption I was lucky enough to get a much closer look at it. Two other experts and I were driven in the mountain and dropped while close as is possible to the crater that had been shaped during the eruption.

Having earlier collected particular clothes in the observatory, we put them on prior to we proceeded to go any nearer. All three of us looked like spacemen. We had white-colored protective fits that protected our entire body, helmets, big boots and special mitts. It was quite difficult to stroll inside these matches, but all of us slowly built our method to the border of the crater and seemed down into the red, hot centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, yet this staying my first experience, I actually stayed at the top and viewed them. Today, I was just as thinking about my work as your day I initial started.

Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I was still astonished at their beauty as well as their particular potential to cause great destruction. THE BEST OF MANHATTAN’S GALLERIES The Frick Collection (5th Avenue and E. 70th Street) A large number of art lovers would rather check out this little art gallery than any other in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a abundant New Yorker, died in 1919, giving his home, furniture and art collection to the American people. Frick had a choice for pre-twentieth century American paintings, and these are well-represented in this superb collection.

You can even explore Frick’s beautiful home which are definitely worth a Visit. Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street) This art gallery owns 5, 000 superb modern art, sculptures and drawings. These types of art works are certainly not all exhibited at the same time. The exhibition is always changing. It will appeal to the people who like Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. The Guggenheim Museum building is also famous. When you walk into gallery, you experience as if you had been inside a fragile, white seashell. The best way to view the paintings should be to start from the very best floor and walk right down to the bottom.

There are no stairs just a round path. The museum also has an excellent restaurant. Metropolitan Art gallery of Fine art (5th Opportunity and 82nd Street) The reputation of this kind of museum lies in the variety of the art collection. This includes more than 5, 000 many years of civilization from many elements of the world, which includes America, The european union, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America. The museum shows more than just the visual wonders of artwork. It features you to historical ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a great smelling Ming backyard, a typical room in an 18th century French house and many more special displays.

Museum of recent Art (53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues) It is amazing that numerous great art works from the overdue 19th 100 years to the modern world are encased in the same museum. The gathering of American art involves paintings by simply such popular artists while Monet, Truck Gogh, Picasso and Matisse. A few words and phrases of caution: the entry price is expensive and the art gallery is often very congested. Whitney Museum of American Fine art (945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street) The Whitney holds an outstanding collection of modern-day American art work and écharpe.

There are not any permanent displays in this art gallery and exhibitions change on a regular basis. Every 2 years, the Whitney holds a particular exhibition of recent art simply by living designers. The art gallery also reveals videos and films by simply contemporary online video artists. Imagine you were the director of a secondary school council therefore you received the letter beneath. It is coming from a group of students who would like to produce their university more attractive. See the letter and after that use the describe on the subsequent page to create notes for the report regarding the letter to the institution council. Class 2A Seaforth High School Ramsay Rd Seaforth Mrs D Kroll Leader, Seaforth Senior high school Council

PO Box 235, Seaforth doze May Dear Mrs Kroll, Lately the class has become worried about environmental surroundings at the back of the college, and we wish to do something for making it more desirable. We have carried out some exploration and have develop a plan. With the help of our father and mother, we can do most of the job ourselves, nevertheless we will need a small amount of funds for gear, plants-and color. I i am writing to inquire the council for authorization to do this job and to request if the school council could donate $500 towards our project. You want to turn the empty area at the back of the college into a characteristics garden.

We might plant forest and grasses, make paths through the garden and get a small pond. We think this may provide a tranquil place for students and instructors to stroll inside. It would as well attract wild birds, insects and small family pets which college students could in that case study in science classes. We would love to paint the back wall membrane of the institution that encounters the new backyard. Some of each of our art classes could after that paint an enormous picture upon it. It might be conceivable to color over the wall each year therefore the next classes can make a new picture. Last but not least, we would like to paint each of the rubbish containers. At the moment they look old plus the paint is coming away.

If we fresh paint them in bright, attractive colours, learners might be more likely to use them. We think our plan would significantly improve the back side of the school and everyone in the school would advantage. We have already asked our parents and so they have promised to give one weekend of their time to aid us total the project. We hope you can expect to give us permission for this advantageous project and you will be able to give the 500 usd we need. When we have completed the work, really is endless the council will come along in a party morning tea so that the complete school can easily thank you. Yours sincerely, Jo Ryan (Class president)

Reading and speaking about Before you read the poster below, discuss everything you know about HIV/AIDS with your classmates. Make a list of words that you come across from this poster. HIV/AIDS: ARE YOU IN DANGER? HIV is known as a virus. A virus is an extremely small living thing that creates disease. There are many different viruses, for instance , the influenza virus or the SARS disease. HIV weakens a person’s immunity process, that is, fault the body that fights disease. You can have HIV in your blood vessels for a long time, but eventually HIV will harm your immune system so much that you just body can no longer fight disease.

This level of the health issues is called AIDS. If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are incredibly small. HIV is spread through blood vessels or the substance that the human body makes during intercourse. For a person to become attacked, blood or perhaps sexual substance that provides the virus, has to obtain inside the body through damaged skin or by treatment. One day scientists will find relief from HIV/AIDS. Till that happens, you need to protect your self. Here are some actions you can take to make sure you stay safe. In the event you inject drugs: do not share your needle with other people. Blood from another person can easily stay on or in the filling device.

If a person has HIV and you utilize same filling device, you could provide the disease into your individual blood. tend not to share whatever else that a person has used when injecting medicines. Blood would have spilt upon it. If you have love-making with a guy or a feminine: use a condom. This will stop sexual smooth passing from person to another. The following assertions are NOT true. A person cannot receive HIV initially they have sexual intercourse. WRONG. If one sex partner has HIV, the other spouse could become infected. You may tell by looking at someone whether or not they include HIV. WRONG. Many people carrying HIV look perfectly healthy.

It is just when the disease has developed to ASSISTS that a person begins to seem sick. Just homosexuals get AIDS. INCORRECT. Anyone who has sexual intercourse with a person infected with H1V/AIDS dangers getting the malware. Women are slightly more prone to become contaminated than men. If you embrace, touch or kiss someone with HELPS or check out them within their home, you will get HIV/AIDS. WRONG. You can simply get the disease from bloodstream or sexual fluid. Sadly, people with HIV sometimes drop their friends because of prejudice. Many people are worried that they will obtain HIV/AIDS from those infected with HIV!

AIDS. For the same reason, a few AIDS people cannot discover anyone to take care of them if they are sick. You may get HIV/AIDS coming from mosquitoes. WRONG. There is no proof of this. Prior to reading Tom’s article on environmental problems, glance at the title and pictures and predict the main idea of the composition. CLEAN UP THE BUTTS AND BAGS A variety of items turn into litter, yet two of the most frequent and most harmful are cigarette butts and plastic bags. Litter can be described as big problem intended for our environment, but it is a issue that individuals may easily do something about.

Not littering in any way or cleaning up litter, just like cigarette butts and plastic material bags, greatly improves the caliber of our environment. Though cigarette butts are small , and they are bad for the environment. Over one particular, 600 billion cigarettes will be smoked annually in China and large volumes of the butts are disposed of. Worldwide, regarding 4. 5 trillion butts are littered every year. In addition to the fact that butts spoil beauty of the environment, they will contain very toxic chemicals. These kinds of find all their way in to the water supply exactly where they decrease the quality with the water and endanger vegetation and animals that live there.

Because there are so many butts also because they can take up to your five years in order to down, the toxic chemicals add up to a large amount. Therefore , if individuals have to smoke cigarettes, they should certainly not throw away the butts although put them in the rubbish rubbish bin instead. Plastic bags will be another prevalent form of litter that is a risk to the environment. There are several causes of this. They are really made from coal and oil, which are non-renewable resources, ff they are not recycled, these kinds of resources will be lost to us. In China, a couple of billion plastic-type material bags are used every day. An enormous number of these become cover.

This is a huge problem because they last from twenty to 1, 000 years in the environment. That they float conveniently in air and drinking water and travel and leisure long ranges. They get their approach to estuaries and rivers, parks, beach locations and oceans. Plastic luggage kill up to one million seabirds, 100, 1000 sea mammals and many fish annually worldwide. When the animal dies and stops working, the plastic-type bag may become free once again to eliminate another creature. It is approximately people not to let plastic-type material bags become litter. It will be better in the event that they used fewer and recycled all of them. Cleaning up your cigarette butts and plastic material bags would improve the environment.

The earth is a better place because it would be less polluted. And we would know that we were doing something to look after our planet. However , I believe the best remedy would be not to smoke or perhaps use plastic-type bags in any way. THE EARTH IS STARTING TO BECOME WARMER-BUT DOES IT MATTER? Through the 20th hundred years the temp of the the planet rose about one level Fahrenheit. That probably does not seem much to you or perhaps me, nonetheless it is a speedy increase when compared to other natural changes. Just how has this kind of come about will not it subject? Earth Care’s Sophie Armstrong explores these kinds of questions.

Undoubtedly that the the planet is becoming more comfortable (see Chart 1) which it is human activity that has induced this global warming rather than a unique but organic phenomenon. Most scientists sign up to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperatures is due to the burning of fossil fuels just like coal, gas and oil to produce energy. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the main one of which is carbon dioxide. Doctor Janice Foster explains: “There is a normal phenomenon that scientists phone the , greenhouse effect’.

This is when small amounts of gas in the ambiance, like co2, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sunlight and therefore nice the earth. Without the , green house effect’, our planet would be regarding thirty-three certifications Celsius cooler than it truly is. So , we require those smells. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon into the atmosphere. It means that more heat strength tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to increase. ” We can say that the levels of carbon dioxide possess increased considerably over the last 90 to 150 years.

It had been a man of science called Charles Keeling, whom made exact measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere coming from 1957 to 1997. He found that between these kinds of years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere proceeded to go up by around 315 parts to 370 parts per million (see Chart 2). Most scientists acknowledge this data. They also acknowledge that it is the burning up of more and more fossil fuels that has led to this increase in carbon dioxide. So how high does the temperature increase go? Doctor Janice Promote says that over the next 100 years the number of warming could be as low as 1 to 1. deg Celsius, however it could be as high as 5 certifications. However , the attitude of scientists towards this surge is completely diverse. On the one hand, Doctor Foster thinks that the craze which enhances the temperature by 5 certifications would be a tragedy. She says, “We can’t predict the climate well enough to learn what to expect, but it could be serious. ” Others who believe her believe there may be an increase of several metres in the sea level, or forecast severe hard storms, floods, droughts, famines, the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species.

Alternatively, there are these, like George Hambley, who have are in opposition to this watch, believe that we need to not worry about high degrees of carbon dioxide surrounding this time. They anticipate that any kind of warming will be mild with few bad environmental implications. In fact , Hambley states, “More carbon dioxide is truly a positive issue. It will help to make plants grow quicker, plants will generate more, it will eventually encourage a larger range of pets or animals , all of which will make lifestyle for people better. inch Greenhouse gas continue to develop in the atmosphere.

Even if we start lowering the amount of co2 and other greenhouse gases, the climate will probably keep on temperatures rising for decades or perhaps centuries. No person knows the effects of global warming. Does that mean we ought to do nothing? Or, are the hazards too great? WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING? Dear Earth Care, I was doing a project on behalf of my own school regarding global warming. At times I feel that persons can have got little influence on such large environmental complications. However , you still believe people ought to advocate improvements in the way we all use energy today.

As I’m uncertain where to start with my task, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have. Many thanks! Ouyang Guang Dear Ouyang Guang, There are numerous people who have a commitment like yours, nevertheless they do not believe that they have the power to do anything to further improve our environment. Which is not true. Jointly, individuals can produce a difference. We do not have to put up with pollution. The growth of the greenhouse gas, co2 in the air basically comes as a direct result many things all of us do every day. Here are a few recommendations on how to decrease it. They have to get you started together with your project. We all use a lots of energy within our houses. It is OK to leave an electrical appliance about so long as you are applying it , if not, turn it away! Do not be everyday about this. If you are not using the lights, the TV, the computer, etc, turn them off. If you are cold, put on more outfits instead of turning up the heat. two Motor vehicles make use of a lot of energy- so walk or drive a bike if you can. 3 Recycle for cash cans, wine bottles, plastic luggage and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. It will take a lot of energy to make issues from new materials, so , if you can, get things made from recycled materials. Get your father and mother to buy things that are inexpensive with energy , this includes cars and also smaller things like fridges and microwaves. your five Plant trees in your yard or the school yard, as they absorb co2 from the air flow and refresh your heart when you look at them. 6th Finally and a lot importantly, end up being an educator. Talk to your family and friends about global warming and tell them the things you have learned. Keep in mind , your contribution matters! Earth Treatment THE LRKE OF HERVEN Changbaishan is at Jilin Region, Northeast Chinese suppliers. Much of this beautiful, mountainous area is thick forest.

Changbaishan is China’s largest nature reserve in fact it is kept in the natural point out for the folks of China and tiawan and visitors from across the world to enjoy. The height of the land varies from 700 metres previously mentioned sea level to over 2, 000 metre distances and is home to a superb diversity of rare plant life and pets. Among the uncommon animals will be cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers. Many persons come to Changbaishan to analyze its unique vegetation and pets or animals. Others arrive to stroll inside the mountains, to find the spectacular waterfalls or to shower in the warm water pools.

However , the appeal that arouses the greatest appreciation in the hold is Tianchi or the Pond of Bliss. Tianchi is known as a deep lake that has created in the crater of a dead volcano along with the mountain. The lake is a couple of, 194 metre distances above ocean level, and even more than 200 metres deep. In winter the freezes more than. It takes about an hour to rise from the end of the highway to the top of the mountain. At the time you arrive you are compensated not only while using sight of its obvious waters, nevertheless also by the view of the other sixteen huge batch peaks that surround Tianchi. There are many testimonies told regarding Tianchi.

One of the most well-known worries three youthful women from heaven. We were holding bathing in Tainchi when a bird travelled above them and fallen a small fresh fruit onto the gown of the most youthful girl. When she found the fruit to smell this, it travelled into her mouth. Having swallowed it, the girl became pregnant and later gave delivery to a good looking boy. You are able to that this youngster, who had a great gift for dialects and salesmanship, is the daddy of the Manchu people. For anyone who is lucky enough to see the Pond of Paradise with your dearly loved, don’t forget to drop a gold coin into the very clear blue drinking water to guarantee your love will be as profound and lasting as the lake itself.

Look at the title of the tale and the picture below. Can you predict the actual story is about? Then browse the story quickly and see in the event that you where right. CAUGHT BY THE OVERFLOW “It’s not really looking too good, beloved. I think a person would better packs a few items and head to your single mother’s place. And you’d better take Rosie and Monty with you. inch Putting down the telephone, Sara sighed. Tomorrow was her hubby Tony’s birthday. She had planned to prepare him an excellent meal then surprise him with the new mountain bicycle she’d bought for him. If the lady went to her mother’s house, Tony would not get his present for the.

However , her mother’s residence was the best place to become right now. Being on higher land, it might be safe from the floods. It turned out raining heavily for almost 2 weeks and the water near Sara and Tony’s house was rising higher and higher all the time. Tony a2z and others from the village had spent the last two days placing sandbags along the side in the river to avoid it overflowing. Now they feared that their hard work had been pointless and shortly the whole area would be inundated. Sara attired baby Adam in nice clothes and collected those things she would requirement for him within the next day or two.

She put the lead around the dog and went looking for Monty, the cat. It was a little while until her quite a long time, but at some point she located him safe and warm under the covers on her bed. She positioned him in the cat holder and required him in the kitchen in which James and the dog, Rosie, waited. In the same way she was reaching for the car keys, Sara heard a sound like the noise bathroom water makes when you take out the select. She viewed the back door. Water was flowing in underneath. Turning around the girl saw grubby brown normal water fountaining out of the drain and filling the sink. Quickly she place James in to her backpack and ripped it on to her back.

Calling to Rosie, she picked up the cat basket and happened to run to the front of the house and out in to the front yard. The water was already up to her knees. Rosie was swimming beside her. Knowing the drinking water would quickly be much deeper, Sara ran to the car and opened the doors. The lady threw the cat container onto the roof of the car and pressed Rosie up beside it. Using the car seats as a stage she climbed first onto the front of the car and then on the roof. David, sately mounted on her backside, made zero sound at all. Sara looked down on the water that was rushing past the car. It absolutely was already half way up the doors, but still rising.