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Chapter 2 Foundations of Individual Patterns MULTIPLE DECISION Ability 1 ) Which from the following claims is true about the term “ability”, as it is used in the discipline of company behavior? a. It identifies an individual’s motivation to perform different tasks.

b. It is a current assessment of what an individual may do. c. It makes reference exclusively to intellectual skills. d. It refers solely to physical skills. at the. It is a prediction of future aptitude based upon current perceptions. (b, Modest, Ability, s. 45) installment payments on your Which one of the following words is the best suggestions for “ability”, as the term is used in organizational behavior?. motivation n. capacity c. experience m. intellect electronic. wisdom (b, Challenging, Capability, p. 45) AACSB: Analytic Skills three or more. Which with the following is definitely not a dimension of perceptive ability? a. number aptitude b. perceptual speed c. spatial visual images d. energetic flexibility electronic. social abilities (d, Moderate, Intellectual Capability, p. 45) AACSB: Analytic Expertise four. What is a component of brains that shows that it makes sense to talk about overall brains? a. standard mental ability b. clever quotient c. ability m. cultural intellect e. perceptual speed (a, Moderate, Standard Mental Ability, p. 6) 5. Which will of the pursuing is not a single one of the nine standard abilities mixed up in performance of physical responsibilities? a. endurance b. energetic flexibility c. speed deb. body dexterity e. shoe strength (c, Moderate, 9 Basic Physical Abilities, s. 47) AACSB: Analytic Skills Biographical Qualities 6. Which in turn of the next is not only a biographical attribute? a. politics affiliation b. age c. sex g. tenure e. race (a, Easy, Biographical Characteristics, l. 48) AACSB: Analytic Expertise 7. What is going to be the biggest demographic change in the U. S. workforce in the next 10 years? a. ncreasing ethnic range b. a fall in hitched workers c. increasing regarding workers deb. decreasing period of staff e. more women in the labor force than guys (c, Average, Age, s. 48) AACSB: Multicultural and variety 8. Research shows that which usually of the following is likely to lower as a member of staff grows older? a. production b. probability of quitting c. absenteeism deb. vacation days and nights taken e. work ethic (b, Moderate, Age, p. 49) AACSB: Multicultural and variety 9. Which in the following assertions is true? a. Older staff have reduce rates of avoidable shortage than young workers. b.

Older employees have reduce rates of unavoidable lack than youthful workers. c. Older employees are more likely to give up their job than youthful workers. d. Older personnel are identified to be way more versatile than young workers. elizabeth. Older personnel generally include lower efficiency than more youthful workers. (a, Moderate, Era, p. 49) AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 12. Which with the following is true concerning the marriage between age group and task satisfaction? a. Most studies have identified a negative relationship between grow older and satisfaction. b. Some studies include found a U-shaped romance between grow older and satisfaction.. Satisfaction diminishes among professionals as they era. d. Pleasure increases between non-professionals during middle era. e. Pleasure decreases between non-professionals after middle grow older. (b, Average, Age, g. 49) AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 11. Analysis does not support which of the following statements about sexuality in the workplace? a. Women are definitely more willing to comply with authority than men. m. Men will be more aggressive than women. c. Women are definitely more productive at your workplace than men. d. Mankind has higher anticipations of accomplishment. e. Females have reduce turnover prices than guys. c, Average, Gender, p. 50) AACSB: Multicultural and variety 12. Study supports which will of the pursuing statements regarding men and women at work? a. Men are more effective. b. Ladies are more effective. c. Men are the many receptive to socialization. g. Women may resign. elizabeth. Women have more absences. (e, Moderate, Sexuality, p. 50) AACSB: Multicultural and variety 13. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the greater absentee price of women in the workplace? a. Females tend to have more illnesses that keep them by work than do men.. Traditionally, girls have had the responsibility of looking after home and family. c. Women usually be less satisfied with their particular jobs than men. deb. Women generally have jobs for which a temporary replacement may be hired. at the. Women are likely to work in jobs that have much less flexible activities than guys do. (b, Moderate, Sexuality, p. 50) AACSB: Multicultural and variety 14. Which in the following can be described as major problem inside the use of ability tests intended for selection and promotion of personnel? a. The checks are not trusted. b. The tests are not able to take into account the character of the individual. c.

Some individuals with high intelligence are poor test takers. d. Women enjoy a great unfair benefits on these kinds of tests. at the. The testing may have an adverse influence on different ethnicity and cultural groups. (e, Moderate, Competition, p. 51) AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 15. Which of the following claims concerning tenure is incorrect? a. Recent evidence shows a positive romantic relationship between seniority and work productivity. b. Tenure does not appear to be a great predictor of employee production. c. Period is a effective variable in explaining yield. d. Period and satisfaction are favorably related.. Tenure and organizational investment happen to be negatively related. (b, Modest, Tenure, g. 52) AACSB: Analytic Skills 16. Studies indicate that which of the next tends to reduce with increased period? a. work satisfaction n. productivity c. absenteeism d. raises and promotion e. efficiency (c, Moderate, Tenure, p. 52) 17. Probably the greatest faith based issue involves what? a. Christianity m. Judaism c. Catholicism d. Buddhism at the. Islam (e, Moderate, Religion, p. 53) AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 18. What Good fortune 500 firm offers home partner rewards for gay and lesbian couples?. Wal-Mart b. Alltel c. Rubbermaid d. Nestle e. Heintz (a, Average, Sexual Orientation, p. 53) AACSB: Multicultural and variety Learning 19. Which usually of the next indicates that learning happened? a. the cabability to perform well about exams b. a change in motivation c. a change in behavior d. a high We. Q. rating e. an increase in experience (c, Easy, Learning, p. 54) 20. Learning has not occurred in which in the following instances? a. A farm staff member makes sure that the lady always has on a loath after the girl was poorly sunburned. m. A jeweler watches an exercise video and after that uses a lot of f the techniques in that video. c. An sportsperson trains rigorously, until they can run a mile in less than 4 minutes. deb. A warehouseman avoids doing work by staying in areas of the warehouse where he has seen that the honcho, chief, gaffer boss does not get into. e. A manager only completes a crucial project simply by working during the night. (e, Moderate, Learning, g. 54) AACSB: Analytic Skills 21. All the following will be true about learning only that it _____. a. entails change m. can have a incredibly short duration c. requires a enhancements made on behavior d. requires some form of experience elizabeth. affects understanding b, Moderate, Learning, p. 54) AACSB: Analytic Expertise 22. A cashier begins greeting her customers having a simple “Hello” rather than following a company policy of handmade them with the conventional greeting “Thank you pertaining to shopping with us”, since your woman find stating the latter a bit embarrassing. In this case, what is the knowledge that has triggered learning? a. the feeling of embarrassment the moment she uses the standard organization greeting b. the path of the organization to use the standard greeting c. the decision to not use the firm greeting d. her usage of the relaxed greeting of “Hello”. the decision of the business to adopt the standard greeting (a, Moderate, Learning, p. 54) AACSB: Analytic Abilities 23. Experiments performed by Ivan Pavlov led to what theory? a. traditional conditioning b. operant fitness c. cultural learning m. method reproduction e. tendencies shaping (a, Moderate, Classical Conditioning, p. 55) 24. What function did the meat play in Pavlov’s experiment with canines? a. a great unconditioned response b. a conditioned government c. a conditioned response d. a reconditioned stimulation e. a great unconditioned incitement (e, Modest, Classical Health, p. 5) AACSB: Analytic Abilities 25. Classical conditioning would view which from the following since several likely to be a conditioned response? a. wincing when you stub your toe b. driving on the proper side of the road c. flinching once startled by a loud noise d. trying to find shelter when the sky transforms gray elizabeth. mouth watering as you eat delightful food (d, Moderate, Time-honored Conditioning, g. 55) AACSB: Analytic Abilities 26. In Pavlov’s try things out, the bells was a/an _____. a. unconditioned government b. unconditioned response c. conditioned stimulus d. trained response e. non-e from the above c, Easy, Classical Conditioning, g. 55) AACSB: Analytic Abilities 27. Which of the subsequent is not true of traditional conditioning? a. Classical health is passive. b. Classical conditioning can easily explain straightforward reflexive behaviors. c. Learning a trained response entails building an association between a conditioned stimulus and a great unconditioned stimulus. d. A neutral government takes on the properties of any conditioned government. e. Traditional conditioning differs from the others in many respects coming from operant fitness. (d, Average, Classical Health, p. 55) AACSB: Analytic Expertise 28.

When May well gets burdened he generally drinks chamomile tea. This kind of calms him since this individual associates chamomile tea ingesting with cheerful visits together with his grandmother in his childhood. The calm sense brought on by the tea is usually an example of which in turn of the pursuing? a. classical conditioning m. operant conditioning c. physical learning d. social learning e. framing (a, Convenient, Classical Conditioning, p. 55) AACSB: Analytic Abilities twenty nine. Why does classical conditioning theory fail to properly describe habit in the workplace? a. Most habit of individuals at work is reflexive rather than voluntary. b.

Many behavior of people in the workplace is definitely emitted rather than elicited. c. Most patterns of individuals at work is sophisticated. d. It is rather difficult to identify exactly which conditioned stimulus elicits which response in the workplace. e. Classical conditioning works well describing dog behavior but not human behavior. (b, Tough, Classical Health and fitness, p. 56) AACSB: Analytic Skills 40. Operant conditioning argues that _____. a. behavior is reflexive b. actions are unlearned c. behavior is an event of their consequences d. the tendency to repeat a behavior is very secure e. this individual tendency to repeat a behavior is instinctual (c, Modest, Operant Health and fitness, p. 56) 31. Which in turn of the following researchers thought that reinforcement was your central element involved in behavioral change? a. Pavlov w. Fayol c. Skinner m. Deming elizabeth. Surber (c, Moderate, Operant Conditioning, s. 56) 32. Stella has been late to work generally in the past. Stella’s manager attempts to change Stella’s behavior by simply praising her whenever she is on time. However , Stella realizes that this is what he is performing and resents his attempts to manipulate her behavior. This is certainly an example of what problem with behaviorism and DURCH Mod?. Behaviorism and DURCH Mod assume that people’s feelings and thoughts in response to their environment are irrelevant. w. Behaviorism and OB Imod put undue emphasis on intellectual processes. c. Behaviorism and OB Mod only have an effect on individual subjects when ever those topics are unaware why these techniques being used. d. The best reinforcement to work with and the routine on which it ought to be used differs widely between individual subject matter. e. Behaviorism and OB Mod are based upon straightforward models of stimulus and response that may not really hold accurate in a complex, real world environment. a, Difficult, Operant Fitness, p. 56) AACSB: Analytic Skills thirty-three. Your manager does not move on her assurance to pay out double to get overtime hours worked. When asked once again to function overtime, you decline. This can be an application of _____ health. a. time-honored b. operant c. physical d. association e. disappointment-weighted (b, Tough, Operant Conditioning, p. 56) AACSB: Analytic Skills 34. According to operant health, when a behavior is not reinforced, what happens to the probability of this behavior occurring again? a. It boosts. b. This declines. c. It is still unchanged.. It might be zero. at the. It may increase or reduce based on other factors. (b, Convenient, Operant Health and fitness, p. 56) AACSB: Analytic Abilities thirty-five. What do all of us call the lovely view that we can learn both through remark and immediate experience? a. situational learning theory n. classical learning c. cultural learning theory d. hands-on learning experience e. the Pavlov principle (c, Easy, Social Learning, p. 57) 36. Social learning theory is action of _____. a. classical conditioning b. operant health and fitness c. framing d. Pavlovian theory at the. continuous reinforcement principles (b, Moderate, Sociable Learning, p. 7) thirty seven. Isadora observes that when her brother Mikey crosses the road without looking he is punished by their father and mother. Based on this, she is very careful to appearance before the lady crosses the road. Isadora features learned through what rule? a. traditional conditioning m. operant conditioning c. surrounding d. extinction e. sociable learning theory (e, Difficult, Social Learning, p. 57) AACSB: Analytic Expertise 38. Social learning theory could best identify the learning about what situation? a. An employee functions through lunch several days in a line after being told by her boss that she will obtain extra shell out. b.

A man learns tips on how to perform yoga by viewing a videotape of a yoga exercise teacher. c. A child often addresses his grandmother pleasantly after he could be given sweets as a prize for his good ways. d. A guy stops wearing brightly colored tshirts to operate after getting teased intended for doing so by his co-office workers. e. A postal worker’s pulse rate rises anytime she techniques a house where she has been bitten with a dog prior to. (b, Demanding, Social Learning, p. 57) AACSB: Analytic Expertise 39. Four operations have been found to determine the impact that a style will have with an individual. Which will of the following is not only one of those operations?. attentional processes b. retention processes c. motor duplication processes m. reinforcement procedures e. consequential processes (e, Moderate, Cultural Learning, pp. 57-58) AACSB: Analytic Skills 40. Which will of the subsequent processes deals with how very well an individual recalls a model’s action following it is not anymore readily available? a. attitudinal m. retention c. motor reproduction d. strengthening e. interest (b, Convenient, Social Learning, p. 57) AACSB: Analytic Skills 41. What do we all call the practice of reinforcing closer and better approximations of a desired tendencies? a. modeling b. haping c. time-honored conditioning deb. social learning e. aping (b, Moderate, Shaping, p. 58) 40. You want to raise the productivity associated with an employee. Pregnancy is to have him develop 10 devices per day. On the first day he makes 5 devices and you give him a reward. For the second day he produces 5 devices and you avoid give him an incentive. On the third day he produces 6th units therefore you give him a reward. Which way of behavioral transform are you using? a. building b. healthy diet c. traditional conditioning g. social learning e. ego impairment (b, Challenging, Healthy diet, p. 58) AACSB: Analytic Expertise 43.

Using framing, which in the following can be not a approach that can be used to alter behavior? a. negative strengthening b. abuse c. guidance d. positive reinforcement elizabeth. extinction (c, Easy, Healthy diet, pp. 58-59) AACSB: Analytic Skills forty-four. Which from the following can be used in healthy diet behavior? a. positive encouragement b. diminishment c. response d. manipulation e. unionization (a, Convenient, Shaping, l. 58) AACSB: Analytic Abilities 45. What is it called each time a desired response is followed by the end of contract or disengagement of some thing unpleasant? a. negative strengthening b. confident reinforcement c. anipulation m. elimination e. psychic drawback (a, Modest, Negative Strengthening, p. 58) 46. Suspending an employee for dishonest behavior is an example of which usually method of healthy diet behavior? a. extinction b. negative strengthening c. punishment d. poor planning at the. reaction (c, Moderate, Treatment, p. 59) 47. Which usually of the subsequent is one of the use of extinction in shaping behavior? a. A teacher does not react to any scholar who addresses before staying called upon. m. A place of work institutes a zero-tolerance insurance plan for drug and alcohol use. c. A manager docks the pay of workers who arrive late.. A cat owner sprays his cat with water each and every time it attempts to sit on the couch. e. A sports coach benefits his players with compliment and little rewards in the event that they avoid the other team from rating. (a, Moderate, Extinction, l. 59) AACSB: Analytic Skills 48. Which in turn of the following statements about positive and negative support is not the case? a. That they both cause learning. m. They equally strengthen a reply and raise the probability of repetition. c. They tend to weaken tendencies and decrease the subsequent consistency. d. They can be effective framing tools. e. They are often utilized in learning. c, Challenging, Strategies of Shaping Patterns, p. 59) 49. A staff is frequently late for operate. Every time he could be not tardy the administrator compliments him for being in time. What form of reinforcement is a manager applying? a. ongoing schedule m. negative c. intermittent plan d. repetitious e. repetitious negative (a, Moderate, Ongoing Reinforcement, s. 59) AACSB: Analytic Skills 50. The organization audit personnel makes a series of randomly timed, unannounced trips to a organization office. On each visit they will check the data to see they are up to date and correct. These visits is surely an example of which in turn of the ollowing? a. confident reinforcement m. variable-interval strengthening schedule c. continuous encouragement schedule g. fixed reinforcement schedule at the. static response method (b, Moderate, Sporadic Reinforcement, g. 60) AACSB: Analytic Expertise 51. In which reinforcement plan is a incentive provided after a given volume of responses? a. variable-ratio n. fixed-ratio c. variable-interval deb. fixed-interval e. viable (b, Moderate, Spotty Reinforcement, l. 60) 52. According to research, which with the following is actually a schedule of reinforcement that promotes the highest resistance to extinction? a. continuous b. ixed interval c. variable interval d. fixed ratio at the. negative (c, Moderate, Irregular Reinforcement, s. 60) 53. In general, _____ reinforcement activities tend to result in higher overall performance than _____ reinforcement activities. a. varying, fixed n. fixed, intermittent c. set, variable deb. variable, percentage e. fixed, static (a, Moderate, Irregular Reinforcement, s. 60) AACSB: Analytic Skills 54. The use of reinforcement ideas to individuals inside the work environment is referred to as _____. a. traditional conditioning n. self-management c. reengineering deb. OB Imod e. interpersonal modeling (d, Moderate, HINSICHTLICH Mod, p. 2) fifty-five. Which from the following is one of the steps from the problem-solving model followed by the normal OB Imod program? a. identifying essential behaviors w. reinforcing habit c. expanding horizontally arrayed data d. developing vertically arrayed info e. identifying member boundaries (a, Moderate, OB Imod Steps, p. 62) 56. A supervisor wishes to work with OB Mod in order to raise the friendliness of his personnel towards buyers. The manager starts by determining exactly what behaviours his product sales staff must use in so that it will increase their friendliness towards consumers. What is the next phase that the administrator should take?. decide why personnel are not friendly towards consumers b. develop a strategy for elevating the friendliness of workers towards buyers c. prize employees who also are friendly towards customers d. record how often workers are friendly to customers at the present time at the. establish precisely what is needed to encourage employee friendliness towards clients (d, Modest, OB Mod Steps, l. 62) AACSB: Analytic Abilities Summary and Implications intended for Managers 57. Who explained “Give me a child when they are born and I can make him in anything you want”? a. N. F. Skinner b. Ivan Pavlov c. Sigmund Freud d.

Adam Emery electronic. Ben Franklin (a, Average, Shaping Tendencies, p. 66) TRUE/FALSE Capacity 58. Later strengths and weaknesses with regards to ability that make them fairly superior or inferior in front of large audiences in doing certain jobs or activities. (True, Convenient, Ability, p. 45) 59. Ability may be the assessment of what one will do. (False, Easy, Ability, p. 45) 60. A person’s overall abilities are essentially made up of three sets of things: thinking, thinking, and find solutions to problems. (False, Moderate, Ability, l. 45) 61. A high I actually. Q. is a good prerequisite for a lot of jobs. (False, Easy, Intelligent Quotient, s. 45) 62.

It is illegal in the U. S. intended for employers to work with I. Queen. tests for employment collection. (False, Average, Intelligent Zone, p. 45) 63. Endurance, dexterity, and strength will be dimensions of physical capability. (True, Convenient, Nine Fundamental Physical Abilities, p. 47) AACSB: Analytic Skills sixty four. Individuals who have a higher score on one dimension of physical potential will usually credit score high on all the other dimensions. (False, Moderate, Physical Abilities, g. 47) Biographical Characteristics sixty-five. Biographical info is easier to acquire than information about employee inspiration levels. (True, Easy, Biographical Characteristics, l. 48) 66.

Collecting biographical data is normally a very trial in companies. (False, Easy, Biographical Qualities, p. 48) 67. Personal characteristics that are objective and simply obtained from personnel records (such as grow older, sex, and marital status) are called biographical characteristics. (True, Easy, Biographical Characteristics, p. 48) 68. A person’s era is an example of a biographical characteristic. (True, Easy, Biographical Characteristics, s. 48) 69. The relationship between age and job efficiency is likely to be an issue of increasing importance during the subsequent decade. (True, Moderate, Age group, p. 8) AACSB: Multicultural and variety 75. Recent American legislation helps to ensure profound results for a organization to implement mandatory retirement living. (False, Average, Age, l. 48) AACSB: Multicultural and variety 71. Obligatory retirement has become an increasingly rare phenomenon in organizations. (True, Moderate, Age, p. 48) AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity seventy two. Age and turnover rates are directly related. (True, Moderate, Grow older, p. 49) AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 73. Age and avoidable d�fection are adversely related. (True, Moderate, Age group, p. 49) AACSB: Multicultural and variety seventy four. Worker’s output tends to drop with era. False, Average, Age, s. 49) AACSB: Multicultural and variety 75. Grow older and task satisfaction happen to be related pertaining to professional staff. (True, Modest, Age, g. 49) AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 76. Generally speaking, woman and men desire the same lifestyles. (False, Modest, Gender, s. 50) AACSB: Multicultural and variety 77. There is not any significant difference between absenteeism costs of people. (False, Easy, Gender, p. 50) AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 78. In employment settings, individuals often favor co-workers of their own race in functionality evaluations, advertising decisions, and pay raises. Authentic, Easy, Competition, p. 51) AACSB: Multicultural and variety seventy nine. Mental capacity tests employed for selection, advertising, training, and similar staff decisions may well have a bad impact on racial and ethnic groups. (True, Challenging, Contest, p. 51) AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 85. People who have been on a job longer are more productive than those with significantly less seniority. (True, Moderate, Period, p. 52) 81. Period is in a negative way related to absenteeism. (True, Moderate, Tenure, l. 52) 82. Tenure can be negatively associated with turnover. (True, Moderate, Tenure, p. 52) 83.

Period and fulfillment are adversely related. (False, Moderate, Tenure, p. 52) Learning 84. Learning provides occurred when ever there is a fairly permanent enhancements made on behavior that happens as a result of encounter. (True, Easy, Learning, p. 54) eighty-five. One can quickly observe others learning. (False, Easy, Learning, p. 54) 86. Time-honored conditioning grew out of the work of W. F. Skinner. (False, Modest, Classical Health and fitness, p. 55) 87. In Ivan Pavlov’s study, dogs salivated in response to a buzzing bell. (True, Easy, Time-honored Conditioning, l. 55) 88. The meats in Pavlov’s experiment was an unconditioned stimulus. Authentic, Moderate, Time-honored Conditioning, s. 55) fifth 89. Learning a conditioned response involves accumulating an association among a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. (True, Challenging, Classical Conditioning, p. 55) 85. To explain for what reason Christmas carols frequently bring back enjoyable memories of childhood, you would use operant conditioning. (False, Challenging, Time-honored Conditioning, l. 55) 91. Classical fitness is passive. (True, Modest, Classical Fitness, p. 56) 92. Classical conditioning can easily explain straightforward reflexive behaviours. (True, Modest, Classical Health, p. 6) 93. Operant behavior means voluntary or learned habit in contrast to reflexive or unlearned behavior. (True, Moderate, Operant Conditioning, s. 56) 94. What Pavlov did pertaining to operant health, Skinner would for time-honored conditioning. (False, Challenging, Learning Theories, p. 56) ninety five. Rewards happen to be most effective if they happen to be delayed following the desired response. (False, Average, Operant Health and fitness, p. 56) 96. The supervisor features explained that he will reward those who have extra efforts to see that their careers are done very well. This tactic uses from research into operant conditioning. Authentic, Easy, Operant Conditioning, p. 56) 97. Learning through both statement and immediate experience is known as operant fitness. (False, Easy, Social Learning, p. 57) 98. Old workers are certainly not as in a position of learning as younger employees. (False, Moderate, Era and Learning, p. 58) 99. Trainability is a measure of a person’s determination to learn. (False, Moderate, Trainability, p. 58) 100. Lowered motivation have been found to significantly affect learning and training final results. (True, Moderate, Learning, s. 58) info. Shaping happens when we form individuals by utilizing intensive teaching to change their behavior quickly. False, Easy, Shaping, p. 58) 102. One method of shaping behavior is called positive reinforcement and occurs each time a desired response is used with something pleasant. (True, Moderate, Confident Reinforcement, l. 58) 103. Eliminating virtually any reinforcement that is maintaining a behavior is named punishment. (False, Moderate, Termination, p. 59) 104. Equally positive and negative strengthening result in learning. (True, Convenient, Methods of Framing Behavior, s. 59) 105. Both consequence and annihilation weaken behavior and tend to decrease the subsequent frequency. (True, Average, Methods of Surrounding Behavior, l. 59) 06. A continuous support schedule reephasizes the desired tendencies each time it can be demonstrated. (True, Easy, Constant Reinforcement, g. 59) 107. A piece-rate incentive plan is an example of a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement. (False, Moderate, Spotty Reinforcement, p. 60) 108. Salespeople in commission happen to be examples of individuals on a variable-ratio schedule. (True, Moderate, Irregular Reinforcement, p. 60) 109. In the common OB Mod program, every thing an employee really does on his or her job is essential in terms of overall performance outcomes. (False, Moderate, OB Mod, g. 62) 128.

The first step in OB Mod is usually to identify critical behaviors affecting the employee’s performance. (True, Moderate, OB Mod Measures, p. 62) 111. Each of our knowledge about learning suggests that treatment is a more efficient tool in OB imod than strengthening. (False, Average, OB Imod and Encouragement Theory, s. 63) SCENARIO-BASED QUESTIONS Using Biographical Attributes You operate the air filtering manufacturing organization. Your department is made up of three other people with very different biographical characteristics. Gina is twenty-seven years old, one and female. She has been together with the company just six months.

Jonathan is 63 years old and a widower who has been with the firm for three decades. Sally is a single mother with 4 children who have been while using company for five years. 112. Based upon the information given, which worker would be least likely to give up his or her job? a. all these staff would have about the same likelihood of quitting b. Gina c. Jonathan d. Sally e. Gina and Sally (c, Average, Age, g. 48) AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity AACSB: Analytic Abilities 113. Based on the knowledge given, which usually employee will you expect to have the lowest rate of avoidable shortage? a. lmost all these employees would have about the same rate of avoidable lack b. Sally c. Gina d. Jonathan e. Gina and Sally would probably have equally low rates (d, Moderate, Era, p. 48) AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity AACSB: Analytic Expertise 114. Based upon the information offered, which worker would you expect to most desire the option to telecommute or perhaps arrange a much more flexible work schedule? a. each one of these employees might have the same wish for these options b. Jonathan c. Sally d. Gina e. Gina and Sally (c, Modest, Gender, l. 49) AACSB: Multicultural and variety AACSB: Analytic Skills

Putting on Learning Theory—Shaping Behavior You are the first-line supervisor for any group of personnel who generate cheese slicers. Their task is not overly interesting or perhaps challenging and you have noticed that they are frequently tardy returning from their breaks. You may have studied the concept of shaping behavior and determine that you will try to apply it to the situation. 115. You compliment Allen pertaining to returning punctually from break. This is an example of _____. a. negative encouragement b. great reinforcement c. extinction g. social learning e. modeling (b, Average, Positive Support, p. 8) AACSB: Analytic Abilities 116. You desire Allison to take an accounting course to ensure that she can fix the bookkeeping. Allison does not want to go to night college to take the course and has been resisting. You know that her least favorite duty is preparing payroll. You tell her that she is going to be given extra help with setting up payroll whenever she will take an accounting class. This can be an example of _____. a. confident reinforcement n. negative support c. treatment d. extinction e. classical conditioning (b, Challenging, Bad Reinforcement, l. 58) AACSB: Analytic Expertise 117.

Mike is past due coming back to operate and you ipod dock his spend. This is one of _____. a. positive strengthening b. negative reinforcement c. punishment g. extinction electronic. classical health and fitness (c, Modest, Punishment, l. 59) AACSB: Analytic Abilities Application of Different Schedules of Reinforcement You’ve opted to experiment with the relationship between strengthening schedules and maintaining preferred employee habit. You are interested in observing the differences among continuous and intermittent reinforcement and between your various types of intermittent encouragement schedules. 118.

Veronica can be paid $10. 00 every dozen devices that the girl produces. This really is an example of _____ reinforcement. a. intermittent, fixed-interval b. continuous c. sporadic, variable-interval g. negative at the. probably none of the above (a, Challenging, Intermittent Reinforcement, l. 60) AACSB: Analytic Skills 119. Gerald is a personnel accountant who is visited a couple of times a year by corporate auditor. These visits happen to be unannounced. This is an example of _____reinforcement. a. intermittent, fixed-interval m. continuous c. intermittent, variable-interval d. bad e. reactive (c, Demanding, Intermittent Encouragement, p. 0) AACSB: Analytic Skills one hundred twenty. John’s attendance has traditionally been difficult to rely on and you have decided to use strengthening and enhance him when ever his presence record reveals improvement. The most efficient schedule of reinforcement will likely be _____. a. variable-interval intermittent b. fixed-interval intermittent c. continuous deb. punishment-based elizabeth. shaped (a, Challenging, Sporadic Reinforcement, s. 60) AACSB: Analytic Expertise 121. You know that the encouragement schedule that your company chooses pertaining to compensation may have an impact on the behavior of employees.

Which of the subsequent is not going based on available research? a. Continuous strengthening schedules will certainly lead to early on satiation. m. Continuous reinforcement schedules are appropriate for recently emitted, unpredictable, or low-frequency responses. c. Variable plans do not evidently link efficiency and returns. d. Fixed schedules will certainly lead to higher performance than variable activities. e. Adjustable schedules will be highly effective. (d, Challenging, Reinforcement Schedules and Behavior, s. 60) AACSB: Analytic Expertise Application of Habit Modification Your manager offers read about the now-classic examine of Emery’s use of OB Mod.

He was impressed by the savings to the company of $2 mil over a three-year period. This individual has announced that he is employing an HINSICHTLICH Mod program at your business. 122. You will see the using which in the following in the work placing? a. strengthening concepts to individuals b. available book supervision c. extra stock alternative plans m. analysis of biographical qualities e. bigger health care rewards (a, Convenient, OB Mod, p. 62) AACSB: Analytic Abilities 123. What is the first thing that your manager is likely to take? a. identify behavioral consequences m. identify critical behaviors c. evaluate overall performance improvement. develop baseline info e. none of them of the over (b, Tough, OB Mod Steps, l. 62) AACSB: Analytic Skills 124. In the first step from the OB Mod program, your manager will likely be looking to identify individuals five to ten percent of behaviors that may account for up to _____ percent of each employee’s performance. a. 20-25 b. 40-50 c. 60-70 deb. 70-80 electronic. 100 (d, Challenging, OB Mod Measures, p. 62) SHORT CONVERSATION QUESTIONS a hundred and twenty-five. Why is the relationship between age and job performance likely to be an issue of increasing importance during the next 10 years? First, there is also a widespread belief that task performance diminishes with increasing age.

Irrespective of whether it’s the case or not, many persons believe it and act on it. Second is the reality that the labor force is ageing. Workers grow older 55 and older are currently the fastest-growing sector from the labor force. The 3rd reason is that U. T. legislation, for all intents and purposes, outlaws mandatory retirement. (Easy, Age, s. 49) AACSB: Multicultural and variety AACSB: Analytic Skills 126. Has research indicated the presence of gender differences in job productivity? Explain. There is little facts indicating that a great employee’s gender affects his or her job productivity.

In this area of study the similarities between male and female employees seems to considerably outweigh the very minor dissimilarities (for model, in the area of absenteeism) that have been seen in some studies. (Easy, Male or female, p. 50) AACSB: Multicultural and variety AACSB: Analytic Expertise 127. Precisely what is learning? Learning is defined as any kind of relatively everlasting change in patterns that occurs due to experience. (Easy, Learning, p. 54) 128. How can managers shape worker behavior? Managers can condition employee patterns by systematically reinforcing every successive stage that moves the individual closer to the desired response.

Managers may mold individuals by guiding their learning in graduated steps. Encouragement increases because responses more closely estimated the desired habit. Managers might use positive strengthening, negative strengthening, punishment, and extinction to market this progressive shaping of employee tendencies. (Easy, Shaping, p. 58) AACSB: Analytic Expertise 129. Give an example of a fixed-ratio schedule to get paying personnel and one of a variable-ratio schedule pertaining to payment. Within a fixed-ratio routine, rewards will be initiated after a fixed or perhaps constant volume of responses.

For instance , a worker is paid with a piece rate program paying $12 for every doze widgets produced. Each dozen earns the worker another $10. A variable-ratio routine provides changing reward relative to the behavior of the individual. For example , a vehicle salesman upon commission is on a variable-ratio schedule. Each potential customer will not necessarily cause a sale and therefore a commission payment. (Easy, Spotty Reinforcement, pp. 59-60) AACSB: Analytic Skills MEDIUM SPAN DISCUSSION QUERIES 130. Precisely what is ability? Exactly what are the two units of factors comprising a person’s potential level?

Capability refers to could be capacity to perform the various jobs in a offered job. It is just a current examination of what one can carry out. An individual’s total abilities are essentially made up of two sets of factors: intellectual and physical abilities. 1) Intellectual capabilities are those needed to perform mental activities. 2) Physical abilities are crucial for effectively performing careers that are even more standardized which usually require manual labor. (Easy, Potential, p. 45-47) AACSB: Analytic Expertise 131. What is the partnership between age and the organizational issues of productivity, proceeds and fulfillment?

This is a somewhat complicated set of interactions. The elderly you get, the more unlikely you in order to quit your task. Older personnel are less very likely to resign than are youthful workers because their long tenure will provide them with larger wage rates, longer paid vacations, and more attractive pension plan benefits. On the whole, older employees have lower rates of avoidable deficiency than do younger staff. However , they likewise have higher costs of unavoidable absence, probably due to the lesser heath linked to aging plus the longer recovery that old workers need when wounded.

The demands of all jobs, possibly those with weighty manual labor requirements, are not extreme enough for just about any declines in physical abilities due to age group to have an impact on productivity, or perhaps if there is some decay because of age, it really is offset simply by gains because of experience. Evidence is combined when examining the relationship among age and job satisfaction, however. The majority of studies show a positive relationship between grow older and satisfaction, at least up to era 60. Various other studies, however , have located a U-shaped relationship.

Satisfaction tends to regularly increase amongst professionals as they age, although it is catagorized among nonprofessionals during midsection age and after that rises once again in the later years. (Moderate, Era, p. 48) AACSB: Multicultural and variety AACSB: Analytic Skills 132. Identify and in brief describe the five actions of a typical DURCH Mod plan. The typical HINSICHTLICH Mod system follows a five-step problem-solving model: identifying critical manners, developing baseline data, determining behavioral implications, developing and implementing an intervention technique, and assessing performance improvement. ) The first thing is to determine the essential behaviors which make a significant impact on the employee’s job functionality. 2) The 2nd step needs the manager to develop a few baseline overall performance data. This is certainly obtained simply by determining the quantity of times the identified actions are occurring below present circumstances. 3) Another step is always to perform a useful analysis to identify the behavioral contingencies or perhaps consequences of performance. This tells the manager the antecedent tips that emit the behavior and the consequences which have been currently retaining it. ) In the last step, the manager develops and accessories an treatment strategy to strengthen desirable functionality behaviors and weaken unwanted behaviors. 5) The final step is always to evaluate performance improvement. (Moderate, OB Imod Steps, g. 62) AACSB: Analytic Abilities COMPREHENSIVE WORKS 133. How do we learn? Discover and talk about the ideas to explain the process by which we acquire habits of patterns. Be sure to specifically identify the main element elements of each one of these theories by name. Time-honored conditioning was discovered simply by Pavlov.

Learning a trained response involves building up a connection between a conditioned stimulus and a great unconditioned incitement in order to invoke the overall performance of a trained response, which was formerly an unconditioned response. When the stimuli, one convincing and the additional one fairly neutral, are combined, the natural one turns into a conditioned stimulation and, hence, takes on the properties from the unconditioned stimulation and causes the performance of a conditioned response (which is the same response as the original unconditioned response).

Skinner, who discovered operant conditioning, argues that behavior is a function of its implications. People learn how to behave to get something they really want or to avoid something they will don’t want. Operant tendencies means voluntary or discovered behavior contrary to reflexive or unlearned tendencies. The tendency to repeat these kinds of behavior is affected by the encouragement or insufficient reinforcement caused by the consequences with the behavior and is manipulated through positive reinforcement, negative support, punishment, surrounding, and annihilation.

Social learning is the theory that we can easily learn through both statement and immediate experience. Interpersonal learning theory is an extension of operant conditioning, that assumes that behavior is a function of effects – additionally, it acknowledges the existence of observational learning plus the importance of notion to learning. People interact to how they perceive and define consequences, not to the objective outcomes themselves. (Challenging, Learning Theories, pp. 54 to 57) AACSB: Analytic Abilities thirty four. Discuss the four processes management should include when creating employee training courses. The likelihood that training courses will be effective can be superior with the introduction of attention, retention, electric motor reproduction, and reinforcement procedures. People study from a model only when they understand and pay awareness of its important features. We tend to be most influenced by versions that are attractive, repeatedly readily available, important to us, or a lot like us in our estimation.

A model’s effect will depend on just how well the remembers the model’s actions after the unit is no longer easily accessible. After a person has found a new habit by watching the style, the observing must be converted to doing. This kind of motor reproduction process demonstrates that the individuals can perform the modeled activities. Individuals will be motivated to indicate the modeled behavior in the event positive offers or rewards are provided. (Moderate, Social Learning, pp. 57-58) AACSB: Analytic Expertise