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Lawrence Kohlberg, a teacher of psychology in the School of Chi town, has created his own theory of moral creation. The theory is founded on children’s thinking, when facing moral issues, however , Kohlberg went significantly beyond might created a prevalent theory for all ages. Below his theory moral thinking passes through six separate stages, which can be broken in three levels.

This newspaper aims to offer a review of phases and levels proposed by simply Kohlberg. The first level is PRE-CONVENTIONAL. This level is more feature for children, though it is sometimes approved by adults too. At this level a person considers specifically direct effects of an actions for himself. Reasoning at this level can be purely egoistic and consists of two levels:

Stage you An individual concentrates only on direct effects for himself and the key moral deterrence is anxiety about punishment. Meaningful futility of an action is estimated by simply punishment. A lot more severe is a punishment, the worse an action is[1].

Stage two is seen as a limited curiosity to the demands of others. However , this interest is of single minded. A person is thinking about getting some thing for him self for his/her moral habit[2]. The second level is REGULAR. This level is standard for most adults. At this level individuals evaluate the morality of their activities to interpersonal norms and expectations. This kind of level contains the third and fourth stage of moral thinking.

Stage several is related to sociable roles. People act so , as their family, friends and members with their group work to receive all their praise. Activities are examined in terms of personal relationships and social stereotypes. The main prevention is fear of authority and fear of interpersonal condemnation[3].

Stage four is similar to stage 3, nonetheless it is expanded as actions are examined in terms of regulations and social conventions. Specific requirements are overcome at this stage and laws happen to be attributed individual value. A distinction between right and wrong with this stage is created by culpability of an actions. The third level is usually POST-CONVENTIONAL is additionally called “principled level. Actions are examined by someone before they may be evaluated by simply society. A person becomes morally “autonomous[4]. The amount includes levels 5 and 6.

Stage 5 At this time an individual relates to understanding, that individuals hold different views and opinions. Regulations are recognized not only as rules, but as useful social contracts. Those, who act against common good are thought to be morally bad and others have to be changed. The aim of probe is comprehended as “as much great for as many persons as possible, which is attained by decision of the majority.

Level 6 is definitely characterized by abstract reasoning and universality of ethical rules. An individual concerns understanding that virtually any laws may be justified only to the level they overlap those general principles[5]. The sociable consensus is definitely reached following “seeing the problem from an additional man’s eyes. It is firstly necessary to receive full knowledge of all ethical positions around the matter and after that a general opinion between individuals positions should be reached. This process is authenticated by approval of every person, not only almost all.

References

1 . Shaffer, David R. (2004). Social and Personality Creation, 5th Education, Wadsworth Submitting

2 . Kohlberg, Lawrence, Capital t. Lickona, male impotence. (1976). “Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach”, Moral Creation and Habit: Theory, Research and Social Issues. Rinehart and Winston

3. Rawls, John (1971). A Theory of Rights. Cambridge, MOTHER: Belkap Press of Harvard University Press

4. Kohlberg, Lawrence (1973). “The Claims to Moral Adequacy of a Top Stage of ethical Judgment”. Diary of Philosophy 70

[1] Shaffer, David R. (2004). Social and Personality Creation, 5th Education, Wadsworth Posting, p. – 43 [2] Kohlberg, Lawrence (1973). “The Claim to Moral Adequacy of the Highest Stage of Moral Judgment”. Journal of Philosophy 75: 630-646

[3] Supra note [4] Kohlberg, Lawrence, To. Lickona, ed. (1976). “Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach”, Moral Development and Behavior: Theory, Analysis and Social Issues. Rinehart and Winston p. -188 [5] Rawls, Steve (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Belkap Press of Harvard University Press, l. -201