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ANTHONY BILLSON 5. 2 WEB PAGE 2 Psychodynamic Theory As a group, be it natural or processed over the last couple of weeks we have been dicussing has a group the 3 key theories of counselling along with careful deliberation ive chosen to do my own presentation for the psychodynamic theory. Psychodynamics is a theory and systematic research of the psychological forces that underlie human behaviour.
It really is especially interested in the active relations between conscious and unconscious determination. Psychodynamic remedies depend upon a theory of inner issue, wherein repressed behaviours and emotions area into the patient’s consciousness, generally, one conflict is depths of the mind.
Psychodynamics was developed by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung and Alfred Adler. By the core 1940s and into the 1950s, the general application of the “psychodynamic theory” had been well established. When talking about Psychodynamic theory the first name that springs into the majority of peoples minds is Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud was created in Austria on May 6th, 1856, Sigmund Freud made the theory and applied neuropsychology, learning first foreboding and then libido. A highly controversial intellectual figure of the 20th century, he studied dreams, defined what he referred to as the Oedipus complex and laid out 3 stages of infantile lovemaking development.
He remains one of the most influential statistics in today’s world. Call him by his name alone symbolizes the importance of his hypotheses, and the term that relates to most people’s heads the moment saying the phrase psychology is definitely Sigmund Freud. Freud was a psychodynamic psychologist and that originated in Freud’s view on the mind with the shape of a great iceberg. This individual believes that mankind’s head works inside the unconscious. Just about every choice that mankind makes he is aware about, but maybe the consequences of our action might be unidentified.
The Composition of Personality which is one other interesting component to Freud’s theory basically states that we have an ID, a Superego and an Spirit. The ID is a neurological reservoir of urges and impulses that really must be gratified. He says the IDENTIFICATION does not have a conscious, it acts upon instinct and it seeks out satisfaction and satisfaction. It is the pleasure principle. The Superego is a Morality Theory, and the Superego knows the difference between correct and incorrect. The Superego is a few learned internalized morals and values of society. This really is asically those things keeps the ID in check. Freud declared that Superego is definitely our conscious, and that the Superego is the most highly effective tool (guilt and pride). Last but not least is a Ego, which is the reality principle. The Spirit finds socially acceptable strategies to satisfy the IDENTIFICATION. It detects the balance between the ID and reality. The functions of the Ego is to discover compromise involving the ID and the Superego. The Ego must learn to cope with anxiety, and it also helps to boost the self-esteem. With no Ego there is no mental health.
After researching Freud’s theory from the Structure of Personality I feel we have different parts of our tendencies that we may control and that we are conscious about in addition to other behaviours that come straight from our unconscious. Our ego lies to us, refuses, falsifies, and distorts reality which in turn causes us to develop what Freud likes to contact the seven defense mechanisms. The first of the seven body is Clampdown, dominance. Repression pushes the problem for the subconscious. It is the exclusion of impulses and thoughts in the conscious brain.
Next comes Denial, and denial may be the cutting of the conscious head from exterior threats. ANTHONY BILLSON five. 2 PAGE 3 An example of this would be while you are walking in the mall together with your girlfriend and a beautiful girl walks simply by and you seem but when the girl asks you say, “I wasn’t taking a look at her. inch Next there is a defense mechanism called Sublimation which is the changing of bad tendencies and impulses into socially acceptable patterns and impulses. One example on this could be playing football for any scholarship to be able to go to college or university.
Another defense mechanism can be Reaction Development which is a advancement behavior contrary of that which in turn brings you panic. The next mechanism is called Projection whichis if the unconscious remise of your thoughts and feelings is definitely brought on others. Locating flaws in others is a great example of Output. Displacement is definitely the next protection mechanism, which is for the urge is placed onto one other object. Getting anger onto others as you really should be upset at your self. Last but not least may be the defense device of Justification which is providing a good reason rather than the true explanation.
Another well known psychologist which is actually a student of Freuds’ is Carl Jung who may be also a psychodynamic psychologist, Carl Jung was born July dua puluh enam, 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland and he went slightly deeper than Freud did in his hypotheses and this individual challenges a few of his concepts. One is that Jung’s banquise is right part up and at the top of the iceberg is the ego, and the level beneath that is the personal unconscious, plus the final amount of the banquise is finally the collective unconscious which can be almost the complete opposites of Freud’s.
What I mean by much deeper is that he feels that man is not just sexual but spiritual as well. He says the fact that major big difference in guy is based on the Libido which can be your sex drive. As you can see Jung has a much broader standard of human fascination. Jung theories are highly based on Darwin’s theory of Evolution. Jung thinks we all evolved behaviorally which has allowed us to prosper and move forward in order to keep up with society. The next component to Carl Jung’s theory is a Archetypal Complicated, which are common ways of dealing with the world.
In other words it’s a genetically transmitted response strategy. This ensures your survival. There are two examples of Archetypal Complexes and they are generally the enemy archetype and the social archetype.
The response strategy should be to develop a need to conform. With all the whole idea of Archetypal Things different people employ different ways to deal with the world’s problems, and enemy archetype could not become more precise about mankind being threatened by simply something that differs from the others. The next element of Jung’s theory is the thought of Individuation which can be the integration of your conscious awareness of the outside the house world with this unconscious archetypal experiences. Polarities, which are opposing extremes, which ties in the Principle of entropy which, is a state of disorder and a randomness of energy.
The last thing Jung states in his theory is the idea of wholeness which is having both polarities of our your life met. Carl Jung’s theory challenges most of Freud’s, but in some techniques is similar. Jung gets more into gentleman being more spiritual than sexual which is almost the opposite of Freud. The next psychiatrist that I will mention will be a social psychodynamic psychologist named Alfred Adler. Adler was developed on Feb 7, 1870 and Adler’s theory says that all of us are delivered with a feeling of inferiority as proved by just how weak and helpless a newborn is.
ANTHONY BILLSON a few. 2 SITE 4 By this, Adler surely could explain that the inferiority is known as a crucial element of our persona, in the sense it is the driving force that forces us to strive to be remembered as superior. As well as the Inferiority Theory of Character, Adler as well considers labor and birth order as a major take into account the development of the personality. This individual believed that first born kids may feel inferior and may develop inferiority complex once their younger sibling occurs.
The middle born children, however, are not because pampered his or her older or perhaps younger brother or sister, but they have got a sense of superiority to dethrone their old sibling within a healthy competition. Thus they may have the greatest potential to be successful is obviously. The most youthful children might feel like they may have the least capacity to influence other members of the family. Because they are often the many pampered, they may develop character problems of inferiority just like the first born. He was much less of the pessimist than Freud was, Almost a complete opposite coming from Freud.
Adler believed that society impedes humans. His view in the mind is a lot like Carl Jung’s, but rather than having the spirit at the top he has the mindful at the top with all the unconscious on the bottom. He felt that social interests travel motivation, which is an innate drive being social and also to belong. He also stated in his theory that human beings is dependent upon others and the reactions and the acceptance which often leaves the human race very susceptible. The main concept of this theory is that he feels that mankind is far more social than biological.
A great example ofthis would definitely end up being that in the current schools there are cliques and clans of various people that believe that they are much cooler or better and compared to the people who are less popular carry out whatever they can to fit along with a certain group. Teenagers today are probably the very best example there may be of Adler’s theory of social curiosity. Another component to Adler’s theory that he brings up is definitely the idea of the creative do it yourself which he says drives us toward being human. There are two parts for this theory plus they are the superiority intricate and the inferiority complex.
Firstly the superiority intricate states human beings tries to better itself in order to overcome our weaknesses. The second part of this theory is the inferiority complicated which is when society actions us approximately their criteria. This is when we all begin to avoid our disadvantages instead of looking to overcome all of them. The next theorist is Erich Fromm who was born in Frankfurt in March twenty three, 1900 and he was a liberal interpersonal psychodynamic psychologist who was also a student of Freuds. This individual believes that man is definitely innately good and world is the factor that corrupts him.
This individual also seems that the conscious mind rules over the subconscious. Fromm says man is known as a social animal and he believes that mankind offers social requires. He says life is a struggle and society makes our lives challenging. Fromm seems that the 4 needs of mans’ cultural life happen to be relatedness, body of research, identity, and transcendence. Relatedness is a basic need and this states that man must feel linked to humanity whether it is friends, family members, or actions. It also states that person has to beinteracted with other to be able to belong.
The down sides start if a person feels that they are not a part of something. Relatedness is probably the most powerful want. Frame of Reference are routine ideas and beliefs of looking at the world. This is when we all seek out a belief program or a benefit system. We all receive our frame of reference by where we discover our relatedness. Without shape of research there is no which means to life. Identity is the subsequent out of the several needs of mans interpersonal life which can be when you understand who you are and what you symbolize.
With personality you have to build your very own uniqueness or identity. Realizing differences in others help you to find your own identity. ANTHONY BILLSON five. 2 WEB PAGE 5 Subsequent comes transcendence which is seldom achieved and this means to rise above societies conformities in order to be an individual. With transcendence there is a likelihood of losing the relatedness, as well as for this to never happen relatedness must enable you rise above culture. A conflict of liberty and solitude means that a lot more that we turn into transcendent the greater we shed the relatedness.
My previous theorist to speak about is Erik Erikson, having been born in Frankfurt, Australia in 1902. Erikson afflicted psychological hypotheses by increasing upon Freud’s original five stages of development. This individual believed that each person progressed through 8-10, and finally nine (added by his widow), levels of development throughout all their lives. Erikson’s theories were founded on the premise that environment played an important role in self-awareness, adjustment, human advancement, and identification. His opinion in the Your life Cycle later won him a Pulitzer Prize and a Nationwide Book Honor.
He was chosen for the Jefferson Spiel and recognized for his achievement in regards to humanities. Erikson was most widely known for his impact on mindset through his theory on social advancement and his lengthy teaching job at exclusive institutions. At this point after all my own researching which has took me quite a while to get through cause there are so many sources to choose from ive realised which includes psychodynamic hypotheses have developed through the years our understanding of the human mind has evolved so as the effectiveness of the methods used by counsellors today.
There is a negative side to this theory though cause some experts argue that psychodynamic theories are certainly not falsifiable and for that reason unscientific. In response to this critique, proponents of psychodynamic ideas point out that evidence truly does support a few psychodynamic principles. For example , analysis shows that there are unconscious mental processes, that individuals have mental representations of other people, and this people employ unconscious immunity process to protect themselves from distressing emotions including anxiety.
Various other critics argue that psychodynamic theories are made simply by generalizing from a small number of patients to the complete human population. Depending only upon case research can lead to flawed conclusions. Still others argue that most psychodynamic theories are generally not based on research that follow people from childhood to adult life. Instead, psychodynamic theorists tune in to descriptions of the adult person’s past and draw conclusions about the relevance of childhood experience however remembrances are not often reliable.
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