33506098

You read ‘Energy Trends And Energy Coverage In Malaysia Environmental Savoir Essay’ in category ‘Essay examples’

Not any

Item

Device of way of measuring

Cenpak

Genting Sanyen

Ornapaper

1

a couple of

Operating hours

Net Creation

h/yr

t/yr

6240

six, 645

8400

196, 631

5840

43, 756

Table: Entire runing hr and net production

Operational federal government and creation figures

Cenpak Holding ( M ) Sdn Bhd

The functions operates every day and night a 24 hours throughout the twelvemonth. The operational federal government of the performs differs harmonizing to the procedure as demonstrated in table below.

Simply no

Item

Product of dimension

Figure

1 . 0

2 . 0

three or more. 0

5. 0

five. 0

6th. 0

several. 0

eight. 0

Bottom information

CCB

Corrugator machine

Flexo Creating machines

Squander H2O involvement

EPS

Preexpansion

Modeling devices

Dryers

Central heating boiler room operation

Boiler 1

Boiler two

h/yr

h/yr

h/yr

h/yr

h/yr

h/yr

h/yr

h/yr

3, a hundred and twenty

3, a hundred and twenty

3, 120

6, 240

6, 240

6, 240

6, 240

3, 120

Plant detailed government

The monthly net production final product for the period January 2k to Dec 2000 is shown inside the undermentioned listar array.

30 days

Unit of measurement

Expanded polystyrene

Corrugated carton package

Jan

February

Mar

Interest

May

Jun

July

August

Sept

April

Nov

Dec

Sum

To

T

To

T

T

T

Big t

T

Big t

T

Capital t

T

Big t

59

74

62

48

57

sixty-five

66

sixty six

53

64

45

thirty eight

695

567

743

478

479

478

422

533

472

453

565

456

306

a few, 950

Complete net production for the mention period

Genting Sanyen Industrial Daily news Sdn Bhd

Operational government and development figures

The works runs for 24 hours a twenty-four hours throughout the twelvemonth. The operational government of the works for every section is shown in table under.

Department

Doing work

( yearss )

Quantity of Shifts

Working Hours

Annual Operating Several hours

Stock readying

7

3

24

eight, 400

Newspaper machine

7

3

24

8, 400

Care

several

3

24

8, 400

The month-to-month production end product for the twelvemonth 2000 is given in the tabular array below.

Calendar month

Production ( T )

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

July

Aug

Sept

March

Nov

December

Entire

sixteen, 055

sixteen, 073

12-15, 961

of sixteen, 266

of sixteen, 928

seventeen, 078

18, 944

16, 686

16, 960

17, 144

15, 743

16, 795

196, 631

Ornapaper Industry ( M ) Sdn Bhd

The Ornapaper works operates 16 several hours a 24 hours in two displacements. However , selected subdivisions work over for a longer time periods. The one-year working hours of the works harmonizing to the process are demonstrated in Desk below

Plant one-year runing hr

Device of dimension

Figure

Corrugator machine

Printing machine

Waste materials H2O input

Boiler

Compressor

Hr/yr

Hr/yr

Hr/yr

Hr/yr

Hr/yr

5840

5840

5840

5840

5840

The regular monthly production end product of the functions for the twelvemonth 2002 is demonstrated table listed below

Calendar month

Unit of dimension

Corrugated container

Jan

February

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

July

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

December

Tones

Colors

Tones

Shades

Tones

Hues

Tones

Shades

Tones

Colors

Tones

Shades

4, 234

2, 976

4, 054

3, 946

4, 256

3, 818

3, 375

3, 157

3, 190

3, 571

3, 659

3, 520

Entire

Tones

43, 756

Monthly production for the twelvemonth 2002

Manufacturing procedure

For the instance survey, fabricating process of each mill is different. It is because each performs produces distinct merchandise and various machine. In order to accomplish energy salvaging stage, it is of import to cognize the fabrication procedure and that energy ingestion in the procedure.

Cenpak Having ( Meters ) Sdn Bhd

The business produces expandible polystyrene packing containers and corrugated box. The availability of corrugated box based on the client requirements. The production procedure is commences with starch readying and paper central rotations.

The subsequent phase is corrugators neighborhood. In this subdivision, the corrugator machine will convey collectively a linen of paper to organize individual or dual bed corrugated paper. The paper is usually produced in a uninterrupted process harmonizing towards the merchandise design and requirements.

The machine is usually divided into primary subdivisions, flute and hot home base subdivisions. The flute neighborhood is divided into flutes portion and dual angel. The paper central rotations will be transported within the axial rotation stands using conveyers. The operator and so feeds the axial shifts into the corrugators. In the person facer, the paper is which provide the paper the fluted contact form. Starch can be applied to the tips of the flutes on one aspect and the room line drive is adhered to the flute. The corrugated flute channel with single line drive attached to it, is known as individual phaser web and travels over the machine to dual angel. This neighborhood is known as line preheater. Generally there, the individual facer web satisfies the outer series drive and forms the corrugated board.

After the plank emerges from dual angel, it passes a heavy steam heated a steam flatcar known as sizzling home basic, the cutter cuts the board for the exact required length to get the corrugated piece. Finally, corrugated sheets happen to be stacked and sent to the 2nd subdivision from the corrugators lounge by operators.

Then, the corrugated carton box would go to following method which is posting and slotting, cutting, switch uping and pasting the board to fabricate a corrugated field. In this subdivision, it have flexographic or perhaps flexo devices. This equipment will submit, cuts, wrinkles and glu the board into the ending form in one operation. Unfortunately, non all operation can be managing with flexo equipment. For the top poster plank or more sophisticated packaging way instance, it is going to travel to decease cutting and sewing or pasting method manually.

Previous, the corrugated carton package will be delivered to review neighborhood. In this subdivision, the merchandise will be inspects whether it is fulfill the customer specification or non. After the review neighborhood is finish, the merchandise will be sent to your customer.

Flow Plan of corrugated box process

Starch Planning

Paper Comes

Corrugator

Printing

Die Minimize

Gluing/Stitching

Inspection

Delivery

The second of goods in this company is expandible polystyrene boxes. Figure under shows the typical procedure to accomplish the expandible polystyrene bins.

EPS PLANT

NEW MOULD

EXPANDER

TROJ AGING

Molding Machine

NEED DRYING

DRYING OUT

Packing material

STORING

Delivery

Energy use at modeling procedure.

Polystyrene modeling method requires the supply of heavy steam, compressed surroundings, electricity, relaxing H2O and vacuity. Steam is required to give heat pertaining to the formation from the polystyrene mould and chilling H2O to relax the vacuity pumps and molds. Pressurized air is chiefly needed for the charge of the molding procedure, clear of H2O and space of the mildew. Vacuum is needed in the chill and draining of extra steam before the mould gap.

Genting Sanyen Professional Paper Sdn Bhd

Circulation diagram of production procedure of conventional paper

Waste Conventional paper

Raw products Storage

Inventory Preparation

Paper Machine

Whitewater Preparation

Wire Section

Imperativeness Section

Clothes dryer Section

Doing Section

Newspaper Rolls

Initial, the waste paper is definitely collected and several waste newspaper is transfer from one other company. From then on, the organic stuff will probably be store about six-month source. The stock readying starts with the cleansing procedure. It starts with the centrifugal cleaning of the diluted mixture of contaminated fibres. The diluted squander paper blend is pumped to different equipment whose intention it is to separate the useable fibres from the ink or any other ruined stuff, which can be attached to the fibre.

The mixture should be farther diluted, dewatered, washed and pushed to hold all those fibres reclaimed, which are clean and transcend some fibre size, the remainder is usually discarded while sludge.

The fibres will be separated in a nutshell and very long fibres to command the strength and quality of the newspaper by choosing the proper mixture inside the paper production subsequently upon.

Then, the process continues to the paper equipment subdivision. The paper machine is used as being a large drier which change the loose fibres in to solid linen of paper. The paper machine could be spliting in another neighborhood which is the white water readying system, the wire subdivision, the imperativeness subdivision, the drier neighborhood with size imperativeness and finishing subdivision.

Whitewater readying is offers the circulating H2O for the paper machine. The wire subdivision can be orientating the fibres on the traveling display ( cable ) and allows significant measures of H2O to pass through through. The imperativeness neighborhood presses the H2O in the imperativeness experienced which in flex is cleaned with hard-hitting H2O à nous and suction tubings pertaining to H2O remotion. For the drier neighborhood it will distilling inside the cylinder and heats the surface to about 150 , A, deg, C. Lastly, the finishing subdivision provides a steel calendar pertaining to smoothing the area.

Ornapaper Market ( M ) Sdn Bhd

The company produce corrugated box which can be same with the Cenpak Holding. Hence, the fabrication process to bring forth corrugated box besides same. The procedure involve with starch readying and paper axial rotations, corrugators, printing, chop cut, pasting, review and bringing.

Strength use on the corrugator

The power consumed on the corrugators subdivision is power and thermic energy. Electric power is used to operate motors, enthusiasts and compressor. Thermal energy or vapor supplied towards the assorted subdivisions of the corrugators.. Boiler can be used to bring out steam pertaining to corrugator neighborhood to blow H2O treatment works ( WWTP ). Steam comes through a circulation pipe as well as the distribution is shown in figure listed below.

Boiler

Heavy steam Heading

Conveyer

Hot Platter

Double Becker

Preheater

Drinking water Tank

Intro energy consumption

Energy ingestion of mush and paper industry is approximately 3 per centum from the entire commercial energy ingestion in Malaysia. The mush and conventional paper industry self-generates from the energy required to support the fabrication procedure. Wood waste energy sources, chemical waste fuel watercourse and electrical power cogeneration is definitely the illustration with the spontaneous. Desk below show the Malayan professional energy consumption in the year 2003.

Cenpak Keeping ( M ) Sdn Bhd

Energy and public-service corporations intake

The public-service corporations delivered to the internet site are electrical power, Medium Gasoline Oil ( MFO ) and INGESTING WATER. The entire energy ingestion from the mill as well as the one-year energy and public-service corporation costs in the twelvemonth 2001 is definitely shown in table under.

No

Item

Unit of measurement

Measure

Cost a. RM

one particular

2

3

4

MFO

Electricity

Normal water

Sum

th. ltr

MWh

th. m3

Th. RM

1, 363

2, 961

35

736

688

76

1, 501

Annual energy public-service organization ingestion and costs intended for the twelvemonth 2001

Data: one-year strength public-service corporation ingestion ( 2001 )

From the curry chart, you observe that MFO and electrical energy contribute significant energy for the Cenpak Possessing. Therefore , this recommended concentrating to this strength to cut over the cost.

Information of the electric powered web

The mill can be billed under Duty E2 by TNB. The electric powered use, demand and expense sum-up for 2001 can be shown in table below.

Calendar month

On-peak ( KWh )

Off-peak ( Kilo watt hour )

Complete ( KWh )

January

Feb

Scar

Apr

May well

Jun

July

Aug

September

Oct

Nov

Dec

Whole

Annually cost ( th. RM/yr )

Average value RM/KWh

167, 160

157, 800

one hundred and fifty six, 450

141, 350

113, 510

151, 000

151, 320

185, 440

169, 200

157, 130

152, 220

124, 810

one particular, 828, 390

380

ninety six, 390

91, 250

88, 690

98, 050

76, 980

96, 920

107, 710

119, 000

information, 440

102, 330

88, 550

sixty-five, 780

you, 133, 090

145

263, 550

249, 050

245, 140

239, 400

one hundred ninety, 490

247, 920

259, 030

304, 440

271, 640

259, 460

240, 770

190, 590

a couple of, 961, 480

688

zero. 232

Electricity duty

Item

Unit of measurement

Rate

Electrical energy

Duty codification

In peak period rate

Away peak period rate

Maximum demand for each KWh

RM/KWh

RM/KWh

RM/month

E3S

zero. 208

zero. 128

twenty-one. 70

In the graph, we can see that the highest electricity intake was in August and the cheapest is in Might. The electricity ingestion is all of a unexpected reduced in-may and receive down addition from Summer to Aug. The peak clip and off extremum is usually reduced towards terminal from the twelvemonth.

Gasoline supply and ingestion

The fuel used at Cenpak Holding is Medium Gasoline Oil ( MFO ). MFO is utilized in the furnace. The MFO ingestion and costs intended for the twelvemonth 2001 is definitely shown in table listed below.

No

Gasoline

Unit of measurement

Number

Entire expense ( a. RM )

1

MFO

ltr

you, 363, two hundred fifty

736

Normal water Consumption

Normal water ingestion intended for the twelvemonth 2001 is definitely shown in table under.

Calendar month

Intake ( M3 )

Cost ( RM )

By

Feb

Mar

Apr

Might

Jun

September

Aug

Sept

Oct

November

Dec

Whole

2, 351

2, 560

2, 806

2, 720

2, 747

3, 473

2, 743

2, 580

2, 251

3, 486

3, 720

3, 077

34, 514

4, 558. 93

5, 722. 81

6, 274. 98

six, 080. eighty five

6, a hunread forty two. 08

several, 768. 32

6, 132. 37

5, 768. 00

5, 031. 04

7, 797. 05

8, 320. 85

six, 881. 28

76, 478. 56

From your graph, we can see that the highest H2O intake was in The fall of and the lowest is in January. The cost pertaining to the INGESTING WATER ingestion is usually parallel with all the H2O ingestion. Higher the H2O intake, higher the charge.

Genting Sanyen Industrial Daily news Sdn Bhd

Energy and public-service corporation ingestion

The public-service businesses supplied towards the site will be electricity, heavy steam, and H2O. The one-year energy expense in the twelvemonth 2000 for every public-service firm is displayed in desk below.

Zero

Utility

Product of dimension

Consumption

Equal Energy

Expense

GJ

%

1000 RM

%

you

2

a few

Electricity

Steam

Water

MWh

T

M3

98, 602

316, 199

2, 247, 232

1, 268

867, 334

868, 602

0. 15

99. 85

100

19, 720

7, 905

1123. 6

28, 746

25

73

3

100

Chart one-year cost for every single public-service company

From the curry chart, we can see that electricity consume the portion of the charge which is 69 %. Consequently , it is recommended concentrating the electrical energy energy to cut down the cost.

Specific electric power ingestion per ton ( EUI )

The specific electrical power ingestion every ton ( EUI ) for the twelvemonth 2150 is shown in the tabular array beneath.

Calendar month

Electricity ( MWh )

Production ( To )

EUI ( MWh/t )

Jan

Feb

Scar

Apr

Might

Jun

This summer

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

7, 185

several, 063

six, 929

several, 246

several, 365

8, 623

almost 8, 772

almost eight, 766

8, 201

on the lookout for, 319

almost 8, 693

15, 441

of sixteen, 055

16, 073

15, 961

16, 266

of sixteen, 928

18, 078

16, 944

of sixteen, 686

16, 960

seventeen, 144

12-15, 743

of sixteen, 795

0. 45

zero. 44

0. 43

0. 45

zero. 44

zero. 50

zero. 52

0. 53

zero. 55

0. 54

0. 55

0. 62

Complete

98, 602

196, 631

0. 40

Table particular electricity ingestion per load ( EUI )

Through the graph, we can see that certain energy intake per ton ( EUI ) actually reaches the highest in December and lowest in March. The mean electricity ingestion is definitely 0. 60 MWh/ton.

Particular steam ingestion

The specific steam ingestion ( EUI ) for the twelvemonth 2000 is shown in the listar array below.

Calendar month

Vapor ( To )

Development ( Big t )

EUI ( t/t )

January

Feb

Marly

Apr

May

Jun

Come july 1st

Aug

September

Oct

Nov

Dec

dua puluh enam, 074

26, 270

21, 023

28, 029

twenty-seven, 142

twenty-seven, 024

24, 658

twenty eight, 111

28, 247

twenty eight, 353

twenty-two, 333

25, 935

of sixteen, 055

18, 073

12-15, 961

16, 266

16, 928

17, 078

sixteen, 944

sixteen, 686

18, 960

17, 144

12-15, 743

16, 795

1 . 62

1 . 63

1 ) 63

1 . 66

1 . 60

1 . 58

1 ) 46

1 . 68

1 . 82

1 ) 65

1 ) 42

1 ) 54

Whole

316, 199

196, 631

1 . sixty one

Table specific steam consumption per ton ( EUI )

Particular steam consumption

From the chart, we can see that specific heavy steam ingestion ( EUI ) reaches the greatest in Sept and least expensive in The fall of. The indicate electricity ingestion is 1 . 61 t/t.

The specific H2O ingestion intended for the twelvemonth 2000 is usually shown in the tabular mixture below.

Calendar month

Water ( M3 )

Production ( T )

Spec. Water Consumption ( m3/t )

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

July

Aug

Sept

March

Nov

December

18, 2257

16, 6727

17, 7752

17, 7061

17, 9752

18, 5445

20, 6532

19, 7667

19, 4102

20, 0148

18, 2558

19, 7231

16, 055

16, 073

15, 961

16, 266

16, 928

17, 078

16, 944

16, 686

14, 960

17, a hundred and forty four

15, 743

16, 795

11. thirty-five

10. 37

11. 14

10. 89

10. 62

10. 86

12. nineteen

11. eighty five

12. 97

11. 67

11. 60

11. seventy four

Entire

two, 247, 232

196, 631

11. 43

Table particular H2O consumption.

From the graph, we can see that specific H2O ingestion ( EUI ) reaches the very best in Sept. 2010 and most affordable in Feb .. The mean electricity intake is 14. 43 m3/t.

Energy and Utilities Intake

The major strength consumed inside their works is light gas oil ( LFO ), electricity and diesel essential oil. Electricity is definitely utilised chiefly for its procedure machine including corrugator, posting machines, regular sewing machine, compressor, fan and office. LFO is used simply by boiler to get forth vapor while Diesel-powered is chiefly used for automobiles. The entire strength and public-service corporations consumption for the twelvemonth 2002 is displayed in stand below.

Simply no

Item

Device of way of measuring

Measure

Expense th. RM

1

two

3

four

LFO

Diesel

Electricity

Water

Sum

a. ltr

a. ltr

MWh

M3

a. RM

one particular, 485

102

3, 294

24, 346

980

64

605

36

1, 685

Chart: one-year energy public-service corporation ingestion ( 2002 )

In the pie graph and or chart, we can see that LFO and electricity contribute major strength to the Ornapaper. Therefore , it recommended concentrating to this energy to cut throughout the cost.

Electrical power duty

The site belongs to TNB , t duty codification E2 , Medium Ac electricity Peak as well as Off-peak Professional Tariff. Table below displays the duty level.

Item

Unit of way of measuring

Rate

Electric power

Duty codification

On top period rate

Off peak period price

Maximal with regard to each Kilo watt hour

RM/KWh

RM/KWh

RM/month

E2

0. 208

0. 128

21. 75

Electricity consumption

Table below shows the monthly electricity ingestion and costs intended for the twelvemonth 2002.

Calendar month

On-peak ( KWh )

Off-peak ( KWh )

Entire ( KWh )

Jan

Feb

Mar

Interest

May

Jun

July

August

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Entire

198, 000

195, 860

two hundred, 350

218, 840

209, 570

209, 570

210, 520

215, 850

215, 380

202, 780

212, 690

186, 130

two, 475, 540

100, 270

85, 040

111, 930

111, 460

112, 460

112, 460

73, 460

84, 720

78, 260

73, 060

61, two hundred and fifty

62, 640

1, 067, 010

298, 270

280, 900

312, 280

330, 300

322, 030

322, 030

283, 980

three hundred, 570

293, 640

275, 840

273, 940

248, 770

three or more, 542, 550

Annually expense ( th. RM/yr )

515

137

651

Common monetary value ( RM/KWh ) 0. 184

Graph: Electrical energy Consumption ( 2002 )

From the chart, we can see the fact that highest electrical energy ingestion was at April plus the lowest is within December. The height clip is approximately same through the entire twelvemonth nevertheless the off extremum is reduced towards the fatal of the twelvemonth.

Fuel ingestion

Light Energy Oil ( LFO ) and Diesel-powered are used by Ornapaper. As reference prior to, LFO is utilized for central heating boiler to bring out steam and Diesel is employed for vehicle. Table under shows the fuel ingestion for the twelvemonth 2002.

No

Gasoline

Unit of measurement

Physique

Entire expense ( a. RM )

1

1 ) 1

1 ) 2

The liquid fuel

LFO

Diesel

lt relationship

ltr

1, 621, 280

101919

1070

64

Complete Cost

1134

Specific Energy Consumption ( 2002 )

Calendar month

Electric power ( KWh )

LFO ( lt relationship )

Production ( metric tons )

Specific Energy Consumption

Electricity ( Kwh/tonnes )

LFO ( GJ/tonnes )

January

Feb

Scar

Apr

May well

Jun

September

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

298, 270

280, 900

312, 280

330, 300

322, 030

322, 030

283, 980

300, 570

293, 640

275, 840

273, 940

248, 770

99, 655

71, 182

160, 527

93, 764

239, 073

145, 255

one hundred forty five, 800

149, 236

87, 873

164, 152

143, 427

136, 337

4, 234

a couple of, 976

four, 054

several, 946

4, 256

a few, 818

several, 375

three or more, 157

a few, 190

3, 571

three or more, 659

three or more, 520

seventy. 4

94. 4

seventy seven. 0

83. 7

75. 7

84. 4

84. 1

95. 2

80. 1

seventy seven. 2

seventy four. 9

75. 7

0. 85

zero. 86

1 ) 43

0. 86

2 . 03

1 . 23

1 ) 56

1 . 71

1 . 00

1 . 66

1 ) 42

1 . 40

Whole

3, 542, 550

one particular, 621, 280

43, 756

81. 6th

1 . 33

Graph specific energy consumption ( electricity )

From your graph, we can see specific energy ingestion greatest in Feb and the lowest in January. Specific strength ingestion is usually cut down coming from October to January. Therefore , it is possibilities to cut down the electricity ingestion.

Graph certain energy ingestion ( LFO )

Through the graph, we can see specific strength ingestion top in May as well as the lowest in January. Particular energy intake is about same from January to Feb .. Therefore , it can be chances to cut down theLFO ingestion and step energy salvaging intended for the central heating boiler.

Water Ingestion

Water can be used for central heating boiler to bring on steam and for publishing method at the Ornapaper. The INGESTING WATER ingestion pertaining to Ornapaper inside the twelvemonth 2002 is given in table listed below.

Calendar month

Determine ( M3 )

Whole Cost ( th. RM )

By

Feb

Mar

Apr

Might

Jun

Come july 1st

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Entire

1, 480

1, 581

2, 486

1, 994

2, 349

2, 331

2, 245

1, 986

1, 171

1, 194

1, 676

3, 265

23, 758

2, a hundred seventy five. 60

2, 324. ’07

3, 654. 42

2, 931. 18

3, 453. 03

three or more, 426. 57

3, 300. 15

two, 919. 42

1, 721. 37

one particular, 755. 18

2, 463. 72

5, 799. fifty five

34, 924. 26

Graph H2O consumotion and cost ( 2002 )

Through the graph, you observe that the top H2O intake was in January and the least expensive is in September. The cost intended for the WATER ingestion is parallel with all the H2O intake. Higher the H2O intake, higher the cost.